Fibre Reinforcements for Composites .

The paper describes some important aspects concerning the most widely used reinforcing fibers namely, glass, carbon and aramid fibers. An attempt has been made to highlight the factors governing the mechanical properties of these fibres with an emphasis on understanding the factors which determine the properties of the fibres. A brief account of the work carried out at National Aeronautical Laboratory on the development of aramid fibres (NALAR fibres) is presented

Innovations in Marketing Strategies of News Paper Industry in India — a Case Study of Times of India Group

Newspapers have become products like any other consumer, industrial or service products. They have unique features which other products do not have. The newspaper industry in India is witnessing intense competition from within and from outside like electronic and internet media. This has tremendous bearing on circulation and advertisement revenues. The industry has responded proactively to these challenges. There is more and more focus on marketing and innovations in marketing strategies. Reviews of some of these strategies are focused in the paper. The authors have presented a case study of TIMES OF INDIA GROUP for innovations in marketing strategies, which are product, price, promotion and distribution related. A survey has been conducted by the authors on a recent innovation in marketing strategy of TRIMMING and SLIMMING the size of the newspaper. The data collected from 357 readers of Bangalore are analysed. The readers in general are not only positive to these changes but also have observed them keenly. Such understanding of sensitivity of readers is crucial for the success of marketing strategies

Application of Ionic Liquids in Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Guide to Design, Synthesis and Computational Aspects

The breathtaking pace of the development of smart and wearable gadgets, electric vehicles and many other ultraportable devices has ushered into the era of rapid development of rechargeable batteries with enhanced safety, high-performance, high gravimetric and volumetric energy density. New battery chemistries are being constantly explored to identify better electrolytes that are environmental-friendly, nonflammable, reusable and most importantly ultra-customizable for high-performance applications. Ionic liquid, by virtue of its unique set of tunable properties, is a natural choice from both academic and industrial perspectives. A general guiding principle of ionic liquid synthesis proceeds via an appropriate selection of precursors from the ionic liquid toolbox and reaction with the alkyl halide followed by the metathesis or simple acid-base reaction yielding the final ionic liquid. This study is a complete and extensive treatise on the usage of the ionic liquids in the electrolytes of secondary batteries concerning (i) the design philosophy, (ii) synthesis, (iii) characterization, (iv) new chemistry and electrode material development (v) cell performance, (vi) cell safety, and (vii) comprehensive computational protocols encompassing all the aspects of the electrolyte and electrode-electrolyte interactions

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Not AvailableTo counteract the alternate bearing in some litchi cultivars, an experiment was conducted on annual guided branch girdling for four consecutive fruit bearing years using a commercial plantation of litchi cv. China litchi at Ranchi, India. Trees were girdled by removing a bark strip (2, 4 and 6 mm width) circularly around the selected 25% and 50% primary branches. During OFF- years, the flowering was increased by 8.62 (2017) and 4.37 (2019) times whereas; it was 3.49 (2015) and 1.68 (2018) times higher during ON-years with the L2G2 treatment (4 mm width girdling of 50% primary branches). Treatment L2G2 also showed the highest cumulative yield with 201.19 kg/tree from four years, while the control showed the lowest cumulative yield with 96.98 kg/tree. After four years, the pooled fruit yield data showed that the highest average yield was recorded in L2G2 treatment (50.30 kg/ tree), and it was lowest in the control (24.24 kg/ tree). The pooled data also showed that the highest average alternate bearing index (I) value (0.73) was observed in the control treatment whereas it was lowest (0.32) in L2G1 (2 mm width girdling of 50% primary branches) followed by L2G2 (0.35) treatment. The Long- Term Yield Index (LTYI) ranged from 31.01% in control to 122.25% in L2G2 treatment. Therefore, 4 mm width girdling of 50% primary branches, reduces alternate bearing behaviour of litchi cv. China. In our experiment, cumulative yield was increased by 2.07 times (under L2G2) as compared to un-girdled trees during the four years of the trial.Not Availabl

Structural, morphological and vibrational properties of Li4Ti5-xNbxO12 anode materials

The spinel structured chemical composition of Li4Ti5-xNbxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) anode materials are manufactured by solid state process. An organized exhibition of the outcomes of the structural, morphological and vibrational bonding nature of the negative electrode materials are investigated via the thermal studies, XRD, SEM with EDS and FT-IR. The detected peaks of diffraction are in absolute concurrence with the ordered Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) cubic structure exactly fitting to the Fd3m group of the spinel class. This result could indicate that the Nb element is totally inserted into the lattice of the base material. The grain sizes of niobium doped materials are large above the base material (LTO) and range around 1 μm in size. The FT-IR spectra are put to use to illustrate vibrational modes about the stretching and bending of various functional groups and also thereby confirm the spinel structure of the anode materials