Master of Science

thesisProliferating smooth muscle cells can cause hemodialysis vascular access stenosis. Applying antiproliferative drugs like imatinib mesylate that inhibit growth factors using a delivery system that keeps these agents at the site of stenosis could inhibit these proliferating cells. The aim of the study was to understand the release kinetics of imatinib from an injectable gel and the effect of imatinib on inhibiting proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Imatinib mesylate was obtained from capsules or tablets and mixed with ReGel™. The release profile of imatinib from ReGel™ was studied in a release medium under both sink and nonsink conditions. Freebase of imatinib was also extracted and characterized by RP-HPLC and its release profile was studied under sink and nonsink conditions. The free base of imatinib was incubated with porcine smooth muscle cells to study the effect of the drug on its proliferative properties using the BrdU assay. The results show that the release rates of imatinib mesylate or free base from ReGel™ were similar in sink and nonsink conditions. Imatinib salt or its free base released from the ReGel™ within 2-4 days. The concentrations required to inhibit 50% porcine vascular smooth muscle cells with free base was between 0.5-5 μM. Imatinib release from ReGel™ is quick so its use for the prevention of hemodialysis vascular access stenosis would be limited. The quick release could interfere with the healing process after initial graft implantation and it would require frequent readministrations. Imatinib release from ReGel™ therefore, needs to be prolonged by changing the delivery system to make this approach feasible before further evaluation for this application

A Study on Change Detection in Hyperspectral Image

Change detection is the procedure of obtaining changes between two Hyperspectral pictures of same topographical zone taken at two unique times. It conveys the essential and important change data of a scene. Due to a breakthrough in Hyperspectral remote sensing Hyperspectral remote sensors can capable of producing narrow spectral resolution images. These high resolution spectral and spatial hyperspectral images can find small variations in images. This work describes an efficient algorithm for detecting changes in Hyperspectral images by using spectral signatures of Hyperspectral images. The objective is developing of a proficient algorithm that can show even small variations in Hyperspectral images. It reviews Hierarchical method for finding changes in Hyperspectral images by comparing spectral homogeneity between spectral change vectors. For any scenery locating and also exploration regarding adjust delivers treasured data regarding achievable changes. Hyperspectral satellite detectors get effectiveness throughout gathering data with large spectral rings. These types of detectors typically deal with spatially and also spectrally high definition graphics and this can be used by adjust discovery. This particular function is actually elaborated and also applied your adjust discovery procedure by simply controlling Hyperspectral graphics. The main aim with this thesis is actually studying and also constructing of Hyperspectral adjust discovery algorithms This kind of analysed approach is really applied to assess Hyperspectral picture image resolution files along with the approach analysed in this particular thesis is really change breakthrough making use of Hierarchical method of spectral change vectors and also making use of principal ingredient examination and also k-means clustering. This particular document offers applying and also verify of trends Hyperspectral image

Seasonal Variation and Effect of Salinity on the Total Protein, Glycogen and Cholesterol Content in the Testes of Mystus vittatus (Bloch.)

The present study has been undertaken to find out whether the biochemical constituents viz., protein, glycogen and cholesterol content of the freshwater catfish, Mystus vittatus at different seasons, could be related to reproductive cycle of the fish. The study on the salinity has been undertaken to find out its effect on the fish growth and maturation of testes. During the post spawning season, October, November and December 2009, the Gonadosomatic index of the testes of Mystus vittatus (Bloch) gradually decreased. During the resting season, in the months of January to March 2010, the Gonadosomatic index of the testes reaches minimum. The total protein, glycogen and cholesterol content in the testes during the post spawning and resting season decreased along with the Gonadosomatic index. The maximum number of fishes survived at 20‰S salinity. The fishes subjected to 20‰S salinity, during the post spawning and resting season showed that the Gonadosomatic index of the testes and the values of the total protein, glycogen and cholesterol content in the testes increased when compared to that of the control fish

Parallel Merging and Sorting on Linked List

We study linked list sorting and merging on the PRAM model. In this paper we show that n real numbers can be sorted into a linked list in constant time with n2+e processors or in ) time with n2 processors. We also show that two sorted linked lists of n integers in {0, 1, …, m}  can be merged into one sorted linked list in O(log(c)n(loglogm)1/2) time using n/(log(c)n(loglogm)1/2)  processors, where c is an arbitrarily large constant

Reliability of Hard-and Soft-tissue Computer-generated Predictions of Orthognathic Surgical Patients using VistaDent Software

analysis of skull radiographs is not new in orthodontics. It has been advocated and practiced for many years, however, its awareness and application is new in orthodontics. Aims and objectives: To ascertain to what extent the actual surgical soft-tissue outcome for the given hard-tissue alteration matches with the software predicted soft-tissue outcome,  using VistaDent software and to analyze the differences in the predictions for single jaw and double jaw procedures. Materials and methods: This study was of a retrospectivenature. Records of 30 orthognathic surgery patients (21 females and 9 males) were entered into the study. All subjects were 18 years of age or older. Discussion: With variety of surgical options being available for repositioning hard-tissues of the facial complex, a major consideration for both clinician and patient is the resulting changes in facial appearance. Computerized systems play an important role in orthognathic surgery due to their utility in treatment planning, and by increasing patient understanding and acceptance of therecommended treatment. Conclusion: VistaDent software was quite effective in estimating the change in the soft-tissue related to single jaw and double jaw surgeries except in mandibular advancement, where the prediction of the mentolabial angle tended to be more acute.&nbsp

Computed tomography brain scan findings in eclampsia

Background: Eclampsia is characterized by sudden onset of generalized tonic-clonic convulsion or coma in pregnancy or postpartum unrelated to other cerebral conditions. It is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy; the exact cause is still not conclusively elucidated. Recent studies using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gives valuable neuroimaging findings to determine the prognosis and early management of neurovascular complications that will reduce maternal mortality and morbidity.Methods: This is a prospective study done over 6 months to study population was chosen by eclampsia patients who were admitted through the emergency ward and also indoor patients who developed eclampsia after admission. A total of 50 patients were analyzed. Computed tomography (CT) scan of brain performed after a confinement of fetus and after stabilizing the mother. Maternal and fetal outcomes were observed in these cases.Results: A total of 50 eclampsia patients and their CT scan findings were studied. In these positive CT scan findings were noticed in 23 patients. 1 patient expired with massive cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral oedema (40%) was the most common CT scan finding and the most common area is the parietal lobe (32%) followed by the occipital (8%) and frontal 4% and all lobes (1%).Conclusions: CT scan findings provide valuable information about the neurovascular complication in eclampsia patients, early diagnosis and prompt management of these complications will reduce maternal and perinatal mortality to some extent

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as prospective histopathological and molecular biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Despite the advance of therapeutic approaches, the morbidity and mortality of oral squamous cell carcinoma have not improved significantly. The invasion potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma is conferred by their ability to utilize Matrix metalloproteinase that are produced by the host’s stromal cells. In the present study an effort was made to analyse the role of clinical features and risk factors in the causation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and expression of Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was studied in various grades of squamous cell carcinoma with its role in metastasis.Methods: The present study is an hospital based prospective study for a period of two years at the department of pathology from August 2014 to July 2016 consisting of 88 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue for H and E sections were fixed in 10% formalin and subjected to routine paraffin embedded processing and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results: Total number of cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma analyzed were 88, out of which 65 cases were subjected to MMP 9 expression by random selection on Immunohistochemistry. Majority of cases occurred in the age group of 41-50 years with male: female ratio of 1.4:1. In stage I and II the expression of MMP-9 is low in 37 cases (82.22%) and in stage III the expression is high in 14 cases (70%) with P value <0.05 (significant).Conclusions: Matrix metalloproteinases could act as a therapeutic target and could play an important role in effective treatment strategies of oral cancer

A study of placental morphology and correlation with colour doppler ultrasonography, maternal and neonatal outcome in high risk pregnancies

Background: The placenta has multifaceted roles in foetal development and survival. Determination of placental abnormalities is very much essential in preventing intrauterine and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of present endeavor was to study the placental histology and correlate with colour flow doppler ultrasonography, maternal and neonatal outcome.Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in 50 antenatal women of >28 weeks gestation. Out of these, 25 cases of high risk pregnancies which included pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and anaemia of chronic disease. Other 25 normal antenatal cases were taken as controls. All the women were subjected to colour doppler ultrasonography and study of placental histology done and results were correlated to maternal and neonatal outcome.Results: The Doppler flow was abnormal in 44% of high risk groups. Abnormal histological changes were seen in all the high risk cases (100%). The mean diameter of the placenta (20.69 cms) and the mean birth weight in high risk group (2.34kgs) were comparatively less than that of control group. Abnormal histological changes were maximally found in high risk groups of abnormal Doppler in comparison to control group. Perinatal mortality (2.22%), Apgar score (90.9%), IUGR (4.44%) are higher in cases with abnormal histology of placenta compared to normal cases.Conclusions: Placental abnormalities correlate well with the factors causing high risk pregnancies and the subsequent maternal and foetal outcomes. Placental examinations may help in better understanding of the mechanisms of placental dysfunctions that may contribute to more effective therapeutic strategies in the future

Polarization of Electrospun PVDF Fiber Mats and Fiber Yarns

Electrospun fibers are of interest in a number of applications due to their small size, simplicity of fabrication, and ease of modification of properties. Piezoelectric polymers such as Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) can be charged when formed in the electrospinning process. This chapter discusses fabrication of PVDF fiber mats and fiber yarns and the measurement of their charge using a custom-made Faraday bucket. The results show the measured charge per mass of fiber mats was greater than the values measured for the yarns of the same mass. The measured charges may be related to both mass and external surface areas of the mats and yarn samples. It was observed the area/mass ratios of the fiber yarns were more than 30% less than the fiber mats

The effect of nutrients on pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio plants and their interactions with herbivores and pathogens

The aim of this review is to combine the knowledge of studies on effects of nutrients on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in Senecio with those studies of effects of PAs on herbivores and pathogens in order to predict the effects that nutrients may have on herbivores and pathogens via changes in PAs. We discuss whether these predictions match with the outcome of studies where the effect of nutrients on herbivores and insects were measured. PA concentrations in S. jacobaea, S. vulgaris and S. aquaticus were mostly reduced by NPK fertilization, with genotype-specific effects occurring. Plant organs varied in their response to increased fertilization; PA concentrations in flowers remained constant, while shoot and roots were mostly negatively affected. Biomass change is probably largely responsible for the change in concentrations. Nutrients affect both the variety and the levels of PAs in the plant. The reduced PA concentrations after NPK fertilization was expected to benefit herbivores, but no or negative responses from insect herbivores were observed. Apparently other changes in the plant after fertilization are overriding the effect of PAs. Pathogens do seem to benefit from the lower PA concentrations after fertilization; they were more detrimental to fertilized plants than to unfertilized control plants. Future studies should include the effect of each element of nutrients separately and in combinations in order to gain more insight in the effect of specific nutrients on PA content in Senecio plants