Anastomotic loop between common hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery in coexistence with an aberrant right hepatic artery

Anatomical variations of the hepatic arteries are not uncommon. The anomalous hepatic arterial supply is of paramount importance in hepatobiliary, pancreatic or liver transplantation and in laparoscopic surgery. We describe an unusual case of a 66-year-old Greek male cadaver, where a rare anastomosis (in the form of an enlarged arterial loop, 4.84 mm in diameter) between the common hepatic artery (6.42 mm) and the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) (4.82 mm) coexisted with an aberrant right hepatic artery (ARHA) (6.38 mm) originating from the superior mesenteric artery. The proper hepatic artery was absent. The ARHA followed a route posterior to the portal vein and the common hepatic duct, entering the liver and supplying the right hepatic segment. A hypoplastic right gastric artery emanated from the GDA. Our case report highlights the combined variations of hepatic arteries and possible anastomoses emphasizing that a thorough knowledge of the classic and variable hepatic arterial anatomy are mandatory for surgeons and radiologists performing hepatic surgery and arteriography to avoid potential iatrogenic injuries in hepatobiliary and pancreas area and further medico-legal implications

High origin of a testicular artery: a case report and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Although variations in the origin of the testicular artery are not uncommon, few reports about a high origin from the abdominal aorta exist in the literature. We discuss the case of a high origin of the testicular artery, its embryology, classification systems, and its clinical significance.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a very rare case of high origin of the left testicular artery in a 68-year-old Caucasian male cadaver. The artery originated from the anterolateral aspect of the abdominal aorta, 2 cm cranially to the ipsilateral renal artery. Approximately 1 cm after its origin, it branched off into the inferior suprarenal artery. During its course, the artery crossed anterior to the left renal artery.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A knowledge of the variant origin of the testicular artery is important during renal and testicular surgery. The origin and course must be carefully identified in order to preserve normal blood circulation and prevent testicular atrophy. A reduction in gonadal blood flow may lead to varicocele under circumstances. A knowledge of this variant anatomy may be of interest to radiologists and helpful in avoiding diagnostic errors.</p

Repair of an inguinoscrotal hernia containing the urinary bladder: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Cases of patients with inguinoscrotal hernia containing the urinary bladder are very rare. These patients usually present with frequent episodes of urinary tract infection, difficulty in walking, pollakisuria and difficulty in initiating micturition because of incarceration of the urinary bladder into the scrotum.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We describe the case of an 80-year-old Caucasian man with an incarcerated urinary bladder into the scrotum who underwent surgical repair with mesh.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Diagnosis of such cases often requires not only clinical examination but also specialized radiological examinations to show the ectopic position of the urinary bladder. Surgical repair in these patients is a real challenge for surgeons.</p

The Future of Business Discourse Teaching

This chapter will:; ; ; Explore ways in which new media and digital technologies are shaping business communication and highlight the importance of digital communicative competence for learners and teachers;; ; ; Discuss ways in which the digital workplace can be brought into the business discourse classroom;; ; ; Discuss the role of Business English and other business languages in international business and what this means for business discourse teaching;; ; ; Consider how the multicultural workplace can inform business discourse teaching;; ; ; Provide a case study that illustrates some of the above developments, together with a set of tasks appropriate for the business discourse classroom, and a set of further readings