The development of a learning module for youth care counsellors working with incarcerated youth

Background: A shift toward a rehabilitative model of care has prompted the Newfoundland and Labrador Youth Centre to institute a policy restricting seclusion and restraint as a means of behavioural management. This policy has been received with skepticism by youth counsellors who use these methods to contain disruptive behaviours. Insufficient training in mental health has precipitated feelings of inadequacy as they feel ill-equipped to do their jobs. Purpose: The purpose of my practicum is to develop a mental health learning module for youth counsellors to reduce seclusion and restraint in youth corrections. Methods: A literature search illustrated what is known on the topic of seclusion and restraint in youth corrections. Consultation with stakeholders revealed staff attitudes regarding the policy and its operational impact. An environmental scan revealed the availability of other resources intended to address disruptive behaviours. Conclusion: The learning module is focused on mental illnesses to increase youth counsellors’ competency in managing disruptive behaviours while minimizing the use of seclusion and restraint

Production of structured lipids via enzymatic interesterification of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and marine oils

The importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in human nutrition and disease prevention has long been recognised. Both ω3 and ω6 PUFA serve as precursors of eicosanoids, which are involved in many important biochemical processes in the human body. -- Omega-3 fatty acids, which are present in marine oils, play an important role in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease, hypertension, arthritis, and other inflammatory and autoimmune disorders as well as cancer. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an ω6 fatty acid, is present in oils from borage and evening primrose seeds at 17-25% and 8- 10%, respectively. GLA has been reported to be important for the prevention and/or treatment of skin diseases, pre-rnenstraal syndrome, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and cancer. -- Urea complexation of borage oil resulted in the concentration of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) in the non-urea complexed fraction thus allowing easy separation of GLA from the hydrolysed borage oil. The process parameters such as the mole ratio of urea-to-fatty acid, reaction temperature and reaction time were optimised by response surface methodology (RSM) using a 3-factor-3-level face-centred cube design to achieve the maximum amount of GLA in the borage oil concentrate. The optimum conditions for production of GLA concentrate were: urea-to-fatty acid ratio of 3.7, reaction temperature of -7°C and reaction time of 16 h, which yielded a 91% GLA concentrate. -- The GLA was subsequently enzymatically reacted with seal blubber oil and menhaden oil to produce a structured lipid. The process variables studied for the lipase-esterified reaction were the concentration of enzyme (100-700 units/g of oil), reaction temperature (30-60°C), reaction time (0-48h) and the mole ratio of GLA to triacylglycerols (TAG) (1:1-5:1). Two lipases chosen for the interesterification reaction were from Pseudomonas sp. and Mucor miehei. The lipase from Pseudomonas sp. was chosen over that from Mucor miehei to catalyse the interesterification reaction due to higher incorporation of GLA. For the interesterification reaction, the best conditions were 3:1 mole ratio of GLA to TAG, reaction temperature of 40 °C, reaction time of 24 h and an enzyme concentration of 500 units/g of oil. Under these conditions, incorporation of GLA was 37.1% for seal blubber oil (SBO) and 39.6% for menhaden oil (MO). The resultant oils containing both ω3 and ω6 fatty acids are considered important for clinical as well as nutritional purposes. -- Stereospecific analysis was carried out to establish the positional distribution of fatty acids in the triacylglycerols (TAG) of the modified seal blubber oil (MSBO) and modified menhaden oil (MMO). In MSBO, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were located mainly in the sn-l and sn-3 positions of the TAG molecules. In MMO, EPA, DHA and DPA were equally distributed amongst the sn-l, sn-2 and sn-3 positions of the TAG. GLA was also present in all positions of the TAG of MMO and MSBO. This indicates that lipase from Pseudomonas sp. (PS-30) was able to involve the middle position of the TAG in the acidolysis process. Thus, structured lipids containing EPA, DHA, DPA and GLA were successfully produced; consumption of these products is expected to render health benefits. The structured lipids (MSBO and MMO) produced were assessed for their autoxidative and photooxidative stability toward accelerated oxidation under Schaal oven conditions at 60°C, or storage at room temperature under fluorescent lighting. Conjugated diene (CD), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TB ARS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) determinations were employed to monitor progression of the oxidation of the oils. During autoxidation, the modified oils were least stable due to their high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and loss of natural antioxidants during the acidolysis process. In the case of photooxidation, both the modified and unmodified seal blubber oils (SBO and MSBO) were more stable than their MO counterparts. The presence of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the latter oils as well as photosensitizers, such as chlorophyll in MO, might be responsible for this observation

A couple in our harbour . . . And both were very young

Song about a young man from Placentia Bay who sought his fortune on the Irish Shore and left his sweetheart behind with promises to marry upon his return. Not clear whether girl was at home or in St. John's when he returned.Annotation project: no references found

The "Dorothy Baird" her anchors weighed with keeping in command

A young sailor by the name of Pike, from Carbonear, is washed overboard in a storm. The captain changes course and searches for him but cannot find him. The rest of the crew reach their destination without further mishap

You darling sons of Newfoundland, please hearken unto me.

Men lost their lives at sea in a storm in Placentia Bay. Points out the hardship felt by the widows & orphans left behind. Asks for money for the P.M.D. - poor men drowned."The Newfoundlander", Sept. 1949, 18-1

Come all ye Newfoundlanders that suffered in the gale.

22 members of the Excel's crew lost in a gale on a Sunday 10th October (men, women & children) when they were swept off the deck by a heavy wave in a place called Black Island on the Labrador coast

Upon the vales of Scotland I know that . . .grow

About Mary and John Henry who died and were buried in the same grave

Come and listen a while unto me

Compare the easy life of the pitiless merchant with the hardships of the fisherman. Suggests that the merchant exploits the fisherman.Lehr, 136

I roved out one morning in the fair month of May

Man requests woman on Beach of Straw-blaine to marry him. She turns him down saying a rover like him is not good enough for her. He wishes her a better man & departs. Moved by his parting words she calls him back & agrees to marry him. He turns her down - her mind is altered too easily & he seeks a loyal wife.Mercer: Karpeles, 199; Peacock, 499 (The Beach of Strablane