Creating triple-wins for health, equity and environmental sustainability: elements of good practice based on learning from the INHERIT case studies

This report draws out dimensions of good practice for building this triple-win, based on learning from the INHERIT project’s 15 case studies. In the context of the project, good practice refers to ways that support changing contexts and create conditions to enable behaviour change to reach the triple-win. This report summarises key information for consideration by governmental and non-governmental policy-makers and practitioners planning to work across sectors to achieve the triple-win through behaviour change at every level. INHERIT researchers have focused their evaluations of the 15 INHERIT case studies on implementation, intersectoral cooperation, impacts and cost benefits. The researchers have taken dimensions of good practice from INHERIT research to be those elements that appear to be promising or necessary in the contexts in which the INHERIT cases studies are implemented. The extent to which these elements of good practice can be generalised to other contexts merits consideration in developing future initiatives towards creating synergies across sectors. INHERIT researchers have drawn out lessons learned from information gathered in evaluations about triggers for the initiatives, key elements for implementation, success factors in intersectoral cooperation, what could have been done better, what should be done in the future, and the most important learnings from the evaluation of outcomes, costs and benefits

Quantitative and qualitative evaluations of impacts and benefits of nine INHERIT case studies

The INHERIT report Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluations of Impacts and Benefits of Nine INHERIT Case Studies documents the findings relevant to potential impacts and benefits of nine case studies for health, equity and a more sustainable environment. It uses a mixed method approach with quantitative methods augmented in some cases by written responses to survey questions, or by focus group discussions on impacts, as appropriate. Each case study evaluation was led by a different INHERIT partner. In each case, partners formulated the research design appropriate to their case studies and the associated research questions identified within the framework of INHERIT. The coordinating partner, University College London (UCL), developed an evaluation framework to suit the range of case studies examined for impacts and benefits, the case specific logic models developed, and the research questions identified. The nine chapters describe the impact evaluations and findings from the nine case studies using the following format: Background; Overall aims; Context; Research Questions; Methodology; Results; Discussion; Limitations; Learning points for future research; Learning points for potential scale up and transferability

Creating triple-wins for health, equity and environmental sustainability: elements of good practice based on learning from the INHERIT case studies

This report draws out dimensions of good practice for building this triple-win, based on learning from the INHERIT project’s 15 case studies. In the context of the project, good practice refers to ways that support changing contexts and create conditions to enable behaviour change to reach the triple-win. This report summarises key information for consideration by governmental and non-governmental policy-makers and practitioners planning to work across sectors to achieve the triple-win through behaviour change at every level. INHERIT researchers have focused their evaluations of the 15 INHERIT case studies on implementation, intersectoral cooperation, impacts and cost benefits. The researchers have taken dimensions of good practice from INHERIT research to be those elements that appear to be promising or necessary in the contexts in which the INHERIT cases studies are implemented. The extent to which these elements of good practice can be generalised to other contexts merits consideration in developing future initiatives towards creating synergies across sectors. INHERIT researchers have drawn out lessons learned from information gathered in evaluations about triggers for the initiatives, key elements for implementation, success factors in intersectoral cooperation, what could have been done better, what should be done in the future, and the most important learnings from the evaluation of outcomes, costs and benefits

Quantitative and qualitative evaluations of impacts and benefits of nine INHERIT case studies

The INHERIT report Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluations of Impacts and Benefits of Nine INHERIT Case Studies documents the findings relevant to potential impacts and benefits of nine case studies for health, equity and a more sustainable environment. It uses a mixed method approach with quantitative methods augmented in some cases by written responses to survey questions, or by focus group discussions on impacts, as appropriate. Each case study evaluation was led by a different INHERIT partner. In each case, partners formulated the research design appropriate to their case studies and the associated research questions identified within the framework of INHERIT. The coordinating partner, University College London (UCL), developed an evaluation framework to suit the range of case studies examined for impacts and benefits, the case specific logic models developed, and the research questions identified. The nine chapters describe the impact evaluations and findings from the nine case studies using the following format: Background; Overall aims; Context; Research Questions; Methodology; Results; Discussion; Limitations; Learning points for future research; Learning points for potential scale up and transferability

Psychophysiological reactions to persuasive messages deploying persuasion principles

Measurement of physiological reactions to persuasive messages can improve our understanding of psychological processes of persuasion, and potentially further enhance and personalize current persuasion interventions. However, little is known about the relationship between psychophysiology and persuasive processes. This study focused on four persuasion principles: scarcity, commitment, consensus, and authority, and people's susceptibility to them. Physiological measures included the cardiovascular, respiratory, and electrodermal system, as well as facial motor systems. Psychological measures consisted of self-reported attitude towards oral care and susceptibility to persuasion (STPS). We performed a randomized within-subject experiment in which fifty-six participants viewed persuasive messages deploying the aforementioned persuasion principles to improve their oral care. Results indicated different physiological patterns during persuasion versus rest. We found no different physiological patterns in exposure to distinct persuasion principles, nor a clear correlation with susceptibility to individual persuasion principles. However, mixed model analysis illustrated that overall STPS scores help explain variance in reactivity of skin conductance level and skin conductance response, and reactivity in the zygomaticus major: lower susceptibility relates to higher reactivity. Summarizing, we have found no conclusive support for distinct psychophysiological patterns associated with different persuasion principles, although overall susceptibility seems to be reflected in physiology to some extent

Psychophysiological measures of reactance to persuasive messages advocating limited meat consumption

Persuasive interventions can lose their effectiveness when a person becomes reactant to the persuasive messages—a state identified by feelings of anger and perceived threat to freedom. A person will strive to reestablish their threatened freedom, which is characterized by motivational arousal. Research suggests that the motivational state of psychological reactance can be observed in physiology. Therefore, the assessment of physiological reactions might help to identify reactance to persuasive messages and, thereby, could be an objective approach to personalize persuasive technologies. The current study investigates peripheral psychophysiological reactivity in response to persuasive messages. To manipulate the strength of the reactant response either high- or low-controlling language messages were presented to discourage meat consumption. The high-controlling language condition indeed evoked more psychological reactance, and sympathetic arousal did increase during persuasive messaging in heart rate and heart rate variability, although no clear relationship between physiological reactivity and self-reported psychological reactance was found. However, the evaluation of multiple linear models revealed that variance in self-reported psychological reactance was best explained by initial intentions in combination with cardiovascular reactivity. To conclude, considering physiological reactivity in addition to motivational state can benefit our understanding of psychological reactance

Persuasion-Induced Physiology as Predictor of Persuasion Effectiveness

Physiological responses to persuasion can help to increase our understanding of persuasive processes, and thereby the effectiveness of persuasive interventions. However, a clear relationship between psychophysiology and persuasion is not yet established. This study investigates if peripheral physiology predicts persuasion effectiveness, and whether peripheral physiology yields information that is not represented in other predictors of persuasion. We studied physiological reactions in the cardiovascular, electrodermal, facial muscle and respiratory systems of 75 participants while they read gain- or loss-framed persuasive messages advocating increased oral health care behavior. Persuasion effectiveness was measured as pre to post intervention changes in self-reported attitudes and intentions, as well as through changes in behavioral compliance over three weeks. Overall, participants showed stronger attitudes and intentions directly after the intervention (short-term persuasion), but did not show changes in behavior or attitudes two weeks later (no long-term persuasion). On an individual level, physiological reactivity parameters yielded additional information next to self-report measures to predict persuasion effectiveness on attitude, intention and behavioral compliance. To conclude, our findings suggested a positive relationship between physiological reactivity to persuasive messages and subsequent attitudes, intentions and behavior, and quantified the extra personalization that psychophysiological measures can bring to persuasive messagin

Physiology-based personalization of persuasive technology: a user modeling perspective

Persuasive technology (PT) can assist in behavior change. PT systems often rely on user models, based on behavior and self-report data, to personalize their functionalities and thereby increase efficiency. This review paper shows how physiological measurements could be used to further improve user models for personalization of PT by means of bio-cybernetic loops and data-driven approaches. Furthermore, we outline the advantages of using physiological measures for personalization compared to self-report and behavior measurement. Additionally, we show how two types of physiological information—physiological states and physiological reactivity—can be relevant for PT adaptations. To illustrate this, we present a model with two types of physiology-based PT adaptations as part of a bio-cybernetic loop; state-based and reactivity-based. Next, we discuss the implications of physiology-aware PT for persuasive design and theory. And lastly, because of the potential impact of such systems, we also consider important ethical implications of physiology-aware PT

Lifestyle E-coaching for physical activity level improvement: short-term and long-term effectivity in low socioeconomic status groups

E-coaching applications can improve people’s lifestyles; however, their impact on people from a lower socioeconomic status (low SES) is unknown. This study investigated the effectiveness of a lifestyle e-coaching application in encouraging people facing low SES disadvantages to engage in a more active lifestyle over a course of 19 weeks. In this bicountry study, 95 people with low activity level (GR: 50, NL: 45) used a mobile application linked to a wearable activity tracker. At the start and after 6 and 19 weeks, self-reported physical activity levels, attitudes, and intention towards increasing activity levels, perceived behavioral control, and wellbeing were measured. Results indicated that participants using the lifestyle e-coaching application reported significantly more often an increase in activity levels than a parallel control group. Additionally, the people using the application also more often reported increased levels of wellbeing and perceived behavioral control. Therefore, lifestyle e-coaching applications could be a cost-effective solution for promoting healthier lifestyles in low-SES population