Sport and exercise participation: motivation and barriers

Includes bibliographical references.Proceedings of the Sport Psychology Conference organised by the Centre for Physical Education and Sport, and the Physical Education and Sports Science Unit of the University of Hong Kong ; sponsored by the Hong Kong Sports Development Board.published_or_final_versionMotivation and the belief system Chan, Chin-ming, Roy Chan, Chin-ming, Roy 55Participation in sport and physical activity Seefeldt, Vern D. Seefeldt, Vern D. 1Participation in sport by students entering the University of Hong Kong: results of a survey undertaken in September 1993 Speak, Mike Speak, Mike Lindner, Koenraad Lindner, Koenraad Li, Daniel Li, Daniel 3Sports activities and the use of sports facilities in Hong Kong Sivan, Atara Sivan, Atara Robertson, Robert W. Robertson, Robert W. 19Factor impacting upon youth sport participation Shuttleworth, John Shuttleworth, John 25Factors affecting withdrawal reasons in youth sport Lindner, Koernaad Lindner, Koernaad Butcher, Janice Butcher, Janice Johns, David Johns, David 43Introduction to the conference Wells, Howard J. Wells, Howard J. viAnalyzing thought patterns in relation to sport performance and motivation McGill, J.O. Lewis McGill, J.O. Lewis 61The social-cognitive approach to motivation: practical implications for coaches and physical educators (abstract) Leahey, Trisha Leahey, Trisha 75Editor's note Lindner, K.J. Lindner, K.J. Speak, M.A. Speak, M.A. iiiConference contributors

EROS is a selective chaperone regulating the phagocyte NADPH oxidase and purinergic signalling.

Peer reviewed: TrueEROS (essential for reactive oxygen species) protein is indispensable for expression of gp91phox, the catalytic core of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. EROS deficiency in humans is a novel cause of the severe immunodeficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, but its mechanism of action was unknown until now. We elucidate the role of EROS, showing it acts at the earliest stages of gp91phox maturation. It binds the immature 58 kDa gp91phox directly, preventing gp91phox degradation and allowing glycosylation via the oligosaccharyltransferase machinery and the incorporation of the heme prosthetic groups essential for catalysis. EROS also regulates the purine receptors P2X7 and P2X1 through direct interactions, and P2X7 is almost absent in EROS-deficient mouse and human primary cells. Accordingly, lack of murine EROS results in markedly abnormal P2X7 signalling, inflammasome activation, and T cell responses. The loss of both ROS and P2X7 signalling leads to resistance to influenza infection in mice. Our work identifies EROS as a highly selective chaperone for key proteins in innate and adaptive immunity and a rheostat for immunity to infection. It has profound implications for our understanding of immune physiology, ROS dysregulation, and possibly gene therapy

Identification of genetic elements in metabolism by high-throughput mouse phenotyping

Metabolic diseases are a worldwide problem but the underlying genetic factors and their relevance to metabolic disease remain incompletely understood. Genome-wide research is needed to characterize so-far unannotated mammalian metabolic genes. Here, we generate and analyze metabolic phenotypic data of 2016 knockout mouse strains under the aegis of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) and find 974 gene knockouts with strong metabolic phenotypes. 429 of those had no previous link to metabolism and 51 genes remain functionally completely unannotated. We compared human orthologues of these uncharacterized genes in five GWAS consortia and indeed 23 candidate genes are associated with metabolic disease. We further identify common regulatory elements in promoters of candidate genes. As each regulatory element is composed of several transcription factor binding sites, our data reveal an extensive metabolic phenotype-associated network of co-regulated genes. Our systematic mouse phenotype analysis thus paves the way for full functional annotation of the genome