Efficacy and tolerability of levocabastine and azelastine nasal sprays for the treatment of allergic rhinitis

Levocabastine and azelastine are currently the only antihistamines available as nasal sprays for the topical therapy of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The present study was undertaken to compare the onset of action, efficacy and tolerability of these two agents in a total of 242 patients with this condition. This was an international, multicentre, open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial with 123 patients treated with levocabastine (0.5 mg/ml, two puffs per nostril twice daily) and 119 with azelastine (1 mg/ml, one puff per nostril twice daily). Onset of action was comparable for the two drugs with over 50% of patients in each group reporting significant symptomatic relief within 30 min of administration of the first dose of study medication. Therapeutic efficacy was also found to be comparable in the two groups with no statistically significant intergroup differences reported for any of the parameters evaluated, although assessments of global therapeutic efficacy revealed a trend favouring levocabastine. Levocabastine appeared to be better tolerated than azelastine (p = 0.06), with the incidence of the most common adverse experiences, application site reactions and taste disturbances, significantly higher on azelastine than with levocabastine (5% versus 1%; p = 0.05 and 5% versus 0%; p = 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, levocabastine nasal spray appears to be at least as effective as, but better tolerated than, azelastine nasal spray for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis

The role of entrepreneurial structures when determining the average price in the market of innovative medical servic

The article provides a solution to one of the major tasks in economic theory is the definition of average prices on the market innovative medical services in healthcare. The situation, when the market there are several agents - producers, buyers and entrepreneurs

Complexity and simplicity: tensions in teaching computation to large numbers of architecture students.

This paper describes the challenges and approaches to introduce computational thinking to a large and diverse group of architecture students during an international workshop with 300 students from different cultural backgrounds and educational levels, also integrating a diverse group of tutors whose computational expertise varied extremely. The approach suggested articulating a design task which enforced computational thinking but enabled different levels of engagement with the computer as a tool. Hypothetically this would allow all participants to engage with the computational thinking agenda regardless their computational affinity even whilst applying analogue methods. Besides the intercultural experience the workshop was successful in exposing a large group of students and tutors to the concepts of computational design whilst accommodating different learning preferences and engagement with the computer as a device

Анализ системы оплаты и стимулирования труда (на примере ООО «Левобережный СтройМаркет»)

заработная плата, фонд, оплата труда, мотивацияwages, fund, salary, motivatio

The direction of research into visual disability and quality of life in glaucoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Glaucoma will undoubtedly impact on a person's ability to function as they go about their day-to-day life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of published knowledge in quality of life (QoL) and visual disability studies for glaucoma, and make comparisons with similar research in other chronic conditions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic literature search of the Global Health, EMBASE Psychiatry and MEDLINE databases. Title searches for glaucoma and six other example chronic diseases were entered alongside a selection of keywords chosen to capture studies focusing on QoL and everyday task ability. These results were further filtered during a manual search of resulting abstracts. Outcomes were the number of publications per year for each disease, number relating to QoL and type of glaucoma QoL research.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifteen years ago there were no published studies relating to the impact of glaucoma on QoL but by 2009 this had risen to 1.2% of all glaucoma articles. The number of papers relating to QoL as a proportion of all papers in glaucoma in the past 10 years (0.6%) is smaller than for AMD and some other disabling chronic diseases. Most QoL studies in glaucoma (82%) involve questionnaires.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>QoL studies in glaucoma are increasing in number but represent a tiny minority of the total publications in glaucoma research. There are fewer QoL articles in glaucoma compared to some other disabling chronic conditions. The majority of QoL articles in glaucoma research use questionnaires; performance-based measures of visual disability may offer an additional method of determining how the disease impacts on QoL.</p

A note on the discovery of two new nunatacks in the southernmost Heimefrontfjella

Two new nunataks were discovered in southern Tottanfjella during our geological expedition to Heimefrontjella in early 1994. The exposed rocks are typical for the Sivorg Terrane. One explanation that these rocks were not recorded earlier is that they were only relatively recently exposed due to ice retreat

Geology of the Kottas terrane, Heimefrontfjella (East Antarctica)

The Kottas Terrane is the northernmost crustal block in the Heimefrontfjella. It is composed of juvenile Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks of calcalkaline composition and minor sedimentary rocks, which underwent amphibolite-facies metamorphism in late Mesoproterozoic times (Grenvillianage orogeny). Whereas central Heimefrontfjella was strongly affected by the East-African – Antarctic Orogeny in Late Neoproterzoic to Cambrian times, the Kottas Terrane shows only a weak overprint at brittle/ductile transition conditions, mostly manifested as northward-directed thrusts. The boundary between the Kottas and Sivorg terranes of central Heimefrontfjella is marked by the prominent Heimefront Shear Zone, which is exposed in two small nunataks immediately south of the main massif of Kottasberge

Geology of the Sivorg Terrane, Heimefrontfjella, (East Antarctica), and new U-Pb zircon provenance analyses of metasedimentary rocks.

The Sivorg Terrane is the largest crustal block of the Heimefrontfjella. It consists of a thick supracrustal sequence of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks that are intruded by a wide range of predominantly granitic plutonic rocks. The protolith ages of the metavolcanic rocks have been dated at ~1170-1140 Ma and the granitoid intrusions at ~1110-1050 Ma. The best estimate for Grenville-age metamorphism in the Sivorg Terrane is 1090-1060 Ma. Unlike the other two terranes in the Heimefrontfjella, the Sivorg Terrane records intense reworking of Mesoproterozoic rocks during the Late Neoproterozoic- Cambrian East African – Antarctic Orogeny. U-Pb detrital zircon provenance analyses from two samples indicate that at least two age-groups of different supracrustal sequences crop out in the Sivorg Terrane. The older, preorogenic sequence gave youngest detrital ages of ~1140 Ma, which are interpreted as dating the maximum deposition age of the original sediment. These rocks also provide evidence of a Palaeoproterozoic to Archaean foreland. The second sample is dominated by Mesoproterozoic to late Neoproterozoic detrital zircons, with a significant proportion of ages ranging from 1100 to 980 Ma. The youngest ages significantly postdate the Grenville-age metamorphism, so the sediments must have been deposited after or during the Late Mesoproterozoic orogenesis and, as such, might represent remnants of a molasse deposit of the orogen