Adaptation of sea turtles to climate warming: Will phenological responses be sufficient to counteract changes in reproductive output?

Sea turtles are vulnerable to climate change since their reproductive output is influenced by incubating temperatures, with warmer temperatures causing lower hatching success and increased feminization of embryos. Their ability to cope with projected increases in ambient temperatures will depend on their capacity to adapt to shifts in climatic regimes. Here, we assessed the extent to which phenological shifts could mitigate impacts from increases in ambient temperatures (from 1.5 to 3°C in air temperatures and from 1.4 to 2.3°C in sea surface temperatures by 2100 at our sites) on four species of sea turtles, under a “middle of the road” scenario (SSP2-4.5). Sand temperatures at sea turtle nesting sites are projected to increase from 0.58 to 4.17°C by 2100 and expected shifts in nesting of 26–43 days earlier will not be sufficient to maintain current incubation temperatures at 7 (29%) of our sites, hatching success rates at 10 (42%) of our sites, with current trends in hatchling sex ratio being able to be maintained at half of the sites. We also calculated the phenological shifts that would be required (both backward for an earlier shift in nesting and forward for a later shift) to keep up with present-day incubation temperatures, hatching success rates, and sex ratios. The required shifts backward in nesting for incubation temperatures ranged from −20 to −191 days, whereas the required shifts forward ranged from +54 to +180 days. However, for half of the sites, no matter the shift the median incubation temperature will always be warmer than the 75th percentile of current ranges. Given that phenological shifts will not be able to ameliorate predicted changes in temperature, hatching success and sex ratio at most sites, turtles may need to use other adaptive responses and/or there is the need to enhance sea turtle resilience to climate warming.18 página

Adaptation of sea turtles to climate warming: Will phenological responses be sufficient to counteract changes in reproductive output?

© 2023 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Sea turtles are vulnerable to climate change since their reproductive output is influenced by incubating temperatures, with warmer temperatures causing lower hatching success and increased feminization of embryos. Their ability to cope with projected increases in ambient temperatures will depend on their capacity to adapt to shifts in climatic regimes. Here, we assessed the extent to which phenological shifts could mitigate impacts from increases in ambient temperatures (from 1.5 to 3°C in air temperatures and from 1.4 to 2.3°C in sea surface temperatures by 2100 at our sites) on four species of sea turtles, under a “middle of the road” scenario (SSP2-4.5). Sand temperatures at sea turtle nesting sites are projected to increase from 0.58 to 4.17°C by 2100 and expected shifts in nesting of 26–43 days earlier will not be sufficient to maintain current incubation temperatures at 7 (29%) of our sites, hatching success rates at 10 (42%) of our sites, with current trends in hatchling sex ratio being able to be maintained at half of the sites. We also calculated the phenological shifts that would be required (both backward for an earlier shift in nesting and forward for a later shift) to keep up with present-day incubation temperatures, hatching success rates, and sex ratios. The required shifts backward in nesting for incubation temperatures ranged from −20 to −191 days, whereas the required shifts forward ranged from +54 to +180 days. However, for half of the sites, no matter the shift the median incubation temperature will always be warmer than the 75th percentile of current ranges. Given that phenological shifts will not be able to ameliorate predicted changes in temperature, hatching success and sex ratio at most sites, turtles may need to use other adaptive responses and/or there is the need to enhance sea turtle resilience to climate warming.Peer reviewe

Comparison of Isolated and Concomitant Liver Injuries: is Hepatic Trauma Entirely Responsible for the Outcome ?

WOS: 000287184100006PubMed ID: 21337840Objective : This study was undertaken to examine both isolated and concomitant liver injuries to clarify the role of liver trauma on outcome. Patients and methods : This retrospective study was a review of all abdominal trauma patients who presented with liver injuries, with or without concomitant injury at Ege University School of Medicine over a 3-year period. Presentation, injury grade, management, and outcomes were analyzed. Patients with isolated hepatic injury (Group A) were compared with patients who had concomitant hepatic injury (liver and spleen/small bowel) (Group B). Significance was set at 95% confidence intervals. Results : Of 368 patients, 80(21%) presented with liver injury. Of these, the aetiology was as follows : 53 (66.2%) blunt injury, 19 (23%) penetrating injury, and 8 (10%) gun shot trauma. There were 38 patients in Group A and 42 in Group B. Of these 42 patients, 19 were diagnosed with serious types of injury; eight thoracic, three open long bone fracture, one intra-cardiac, one intracranial. Six additional patients were observed with injuries to large abdominal vessels. Eleven patients (28.9%) with isolated hepatic injury were managed non-operatively. Mortality, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and transfusion requirements were significantly higher in Group B. Only the number of transfused blood units and the grade of liver injury were found to be effective on outcome whereas stepwise regression analysis revealed that injury type (penetrating) and blood transfusion were predictive for mortality. Conclusion : This study highlighted that although isolated liver injury results in good outcome with non-operative management, concomitant injuries to the liver lead to a higher failure and mortality rate. However, liver injury itself is rarely responsible for death

Tuberculosis of the Pancreas

WOS: A1992JJ02500027PubMed ID: 139347

Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Is it more than a challenge?

Background: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a promising technique with regard to reducing postoperative pain, decreasing complications, and improving cosmesis. Methods: Between September 2008 and April 2009, 20 patients underwent cholecystectomy via SILS. The umblicus was the access point of entry to the abdomen for all the patients. Results: Of the 20 cholecystectomies, 19 were performed with SILS. Failure of trocar insertion was the reason for conversion with the first patient. No complications or mortalities were associated with the technique. The mean operating time was 94 min. Conclusion: The use of SILS for cholecystectomy is safe and feasible with reasonable operation times. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Reply to: Re "single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Is it more than a challenge?" ((2010)24:68-71)

PubMed ID: 21556989[No abstract available

Results of Surgery-Related Complications in Donors of Right Lobe Liver Graft: Analysis of 272 Cases

WOS: 000338090600020PubMed ID: 24828563Background. Living donor liver transplantation has been a new light of hope for patients with end-stage liver failure on the cadaveric waiting list. However, living donor liver transplantation still has ethical problems which cannot be overcome. Exposure of healthy donor candidates to major surgery which can be fatal is the largest of these ethical problems. In this study, we aimed to determine our rate of complications associated with surgery in donors who underwent right lobe donor hepatectomy. Materials and Methods. Between September 2004 and December 2009, 548 liver donor candidates were examined. The right liver lobe donor hepatectomy was performed on 272 donor candidates who passed the elimination system. Demographic data as well as intra-operative findings, complication rates, and numbers were collected retrospectively. Donor complications were categorized according to the Clavien classification. Results. Two hundred seventy-two donors who underwent right lobe donor hepatectomy were included in this study. One hundred sixteen (42.6%) of 272 donors were female, whereas 156 (57.4%) were male. There was no donor mortality. Grade 1 and grade 2 complications were observed in 105 (38%) of 272 donors. The most common complications were fever of unknown origin (20.9%) and prolonged hyperbilirubinemia (3.6%). Grade 3 complications and grade 4 complications were observed in 6 donors (2%) and 3 donors (1%), respectively. Three donors were underwent re-operation due to bleeding. The re-laparatomy rate in our series was detected as 1.10%. One donor, categorized as grade 4B according to the Clavien classification, had small bowel perforation and intra-abdominal sepsis secondary to mechanical bowel obstruction. Conclusions. Donor mortality is a fact of living donor liver transplantation that cannot be ignored like donor morbidity. However, right liver lobe donor hepatectomy can be performed successfully with minimal complication rates with multidisciplinary and rigorous donor care in the preoperative and postoperative period

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: Report of a case

WOS: 000220496400016PubMed ID: 15052457We report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava, which was successfully treated by surgical en bloc resection and reconstruction of the inferior vena cava, followed by adjuvant radiation therapy. A 39-year-old man presented with nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, and weight loss. Radiologic examinations showed a mass originating from the inferior vena cava and surgical resection was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed a moderately differentiated (grade II) leiomyosarcoma arising from the inferior vena cava. We believe that radical resection with clear surgical margins followed by adjuvant radiation therapy is a good curative strategy for achieving any chance of long-term survival