Plausibility of Local Currency Contribution to the CMIM

This study assesses the plausibility of local currency contribution to the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM) arrangement. First, we investigate the (net) demand for local currencies in foreign exchange reserves because introducing local currency contribution is efficient only when sufficient demand exists. The main results are as follows. i) Substantial demand exists for local currencies in foreign exchange reserves. ii) The size of the demand for local currencies in foreign exchange reserves is large in comparison with the size of the maximum withdrawal from CMIM. iii) Net demand for local currencies in CMIM tends to be positive. Second, the stability of local currencies is analyzed by calculating the exchange market pressure index because costs of local currency contribution to CMIM arrangements can be high if local currencies are unstable. The results suggest that several currencies of ASEAN+3 members are as stable as popular non-U.S. international currencies for various sub-periods. The results in terms of stability of the currency, internationalization of currency, and liberalization of capital account transactions, indicate that the Japanese yen, Chinese yuan, and Korean won could first be considered eligible for local currency contribution to CMIM arrangements. Overall, the results may support the idea of introducing local currency contribution to CMIM arrangements.Financial support from AMRO is acknowledged. The research was a part of the research project on Local Currency Contribution to the CMIM. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this material represent the views of the author(s) and are not necessarily those of the ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office (AMRO) or its member authorities. Neither AMRO nor its member authorities shall be held responsible for any consequence of the use of the information contained herein. We would like to thank an anonymous referee for valuation comments and suggestions

Theta Oscillation Related to the Auditory Discrimination Process in Mismatch Negativity: Oddball versus Control Paradigm

Background and Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism underlying the auditory discriminatory process reflected in mismatch negativity (MMN), using time-frequency analysis of single-trial event-related potentials (ERPs).Methods Two auditory tones of different probabilities (oddball paradigm) and the same probability (control paradigm) were used. The average dynamic changes in amplitude were evaluated, and the in-phase consistency of the EEG spectrum at each frequency and time window across trials, event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs), and inter-trial phase coherence (ITC) were computed.Results Subtraction of the ERPs of standard stimuli from the ERPs of deviant stimuli revealed a clear MMN component in the oddball paradigm. However, no discernible MMN component was observed in the control paradigm. Statistical tests showed that in the oddball paradigm, deviant tones produced significant increases of theta ERSPs and ITC at around 250 ms as compared with the standard tone, while no significant difference between the two stimuli was observed in the control paradigm.Conclusions Our results confirm that the auditory discriminatory process reflected in MMN is accompanied by phase resetting and power modulation at the theta frequency.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/2014017262/2SEQ:2PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:2014017262ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A079623DEPT_CD:801CITE_RATE:1.892DEPT_NM:의학과SCOPUS_YN:YCONFIRM:

The IPIN 2019 Indoor Localisation Competition—Description and Results

IPIN 2019 Competition, sixth in a series of IPIN competitions, was held at the CNR Research Area of Pisa (IT), integrated into the program of the IPIN 2019 Conference. It included two on-site real-time Tracks and three off-site Tracks. The four Tracks presented in this paper were set in the same environment, made of two buildings close together for a total usable area of 1000 m 2 outdoors and and 6000 m 2 indoors over three floors, with a total path length exceeding 500 m. IPIN competitions, based on the EvAAL framework, have aimed at comparing the accuracy performance of personal positioning systems in fair and realistic conditions: past editions of the competition were carried in big conference settings, university campuses and a shopping mall. Positioning accuracy is computed while the person carrying the system under test walks at normal walking speed, uses lifts and goes up and down stairs or briefly stops at given points. Results presented here are a showcase of state-of-the-art systems tested side by side in real-world settings as part of the on-site real-time competition Tracks. Results for off-site Tracks allow a detailed and reproducible comparison of the most recent positioning and tracking algorithms in the same environment as the on-site Tracks

An Exploratory Model of E-Education

The Internet opens up a new horizon not just for distance learning but for learning as a whole. It blurs the once clear distinction between the distance learning and the traditional learning since it is not another medium for distance but becomes a universal one for the whole learning. Thus, the Internet-based learning needs a new term, e-learning, since the term distance learning is no longer appropriate for this new learning environment. This paper presents an exploratory model of education in view of confusion of terms and definitions based on the old paradigm of distance learning. Furthermore, this model will contribute to clarification of newly emerging learning modes and potential of totally reengineered learning modes based on a new paradigm – e-education

Systemic Lymphadenopathic Mastocytosis with Eosinophilia

Systemic mastocytosis is a neoplastic proliferation of mast cells that most frequently involves cutaneous sites. Mastocytosis involves various extracutaneous sites, but the lymph node is rare. We present an interesting image of systemic mastocytosis in the lymph node with marked eosinophilia. It is a rare subtype of systemic mastocytosis requiring high suspicion levels for the correct diagnosis

Massive Retinal Gliosis Mistaken as a Malignant Intraocular Tumor in Phthisis Bulbi

Massive retinal gliosis (MRG) is a rare condition of non-neoplastic glial proliferation, which forms massive lesions that fill the eye. MRG is commonly associated with phthisis bulbi (a non-functional eye), congenital anomalies, or malformations. Herein, we report a case of massive retinal gliosis associated with a traumatic phthisis bulbi, which was initially mistaken as a malignant intraocular tumor and confirmed only after an eye enucleation. A 70-year-old woman presented with a protruding ocular mass in her left eye which had slowly grown for a year. She had phthisis bulbi in her left eye due to trauma during her childhood. An orbital CT revealed an intraocular mass lesion with calcifications, raising the possibility of retinoblastoma or other malignant intraocular tumors. Enucleation of the left eye globe was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed exuberant proliferation of the glial cells, metaplastic bone formation, hyalinized vessels, and hyperplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium, confirming the diagnosis of MRG. Although rare, the possibility of MRG should be considered as a differential diagnosis when encountering an intraocular mass lesion, as it can be misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor

Deep Learning-Based Classification of Uterine Cervical and Endometrial Cancer Subtypes from Whole-Slide Histopathology Images

Uterine cervical and endometrial cancers have different subtypes with different clinical outcomes. Therefore, cancer subtyping is essential for proper treatment decisions. Furthermore, an endometrial and endocervical origin for an adenocarcinoma should also be distinguished. Although the discrimination can be helped with various immunohistochemical markers, there is no definitive marker. Therefore, we tested the feasibility of deep learning (DL)-based classification for the subtypes of cervical and endometrial cancers and the site of origin of adenocarcinomas from whole slide images (WSIs) of tissue slides. WSIs were split into 360 × 360-pixel image patches at 20× magnification for classification. Then, the average of patch classification results was used for the final classification. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for the cervical and endometrial cancer classifiers were 0.977 and 0.944, respectively. The classifier for the origin of an adenocarcinoma yielded an AUROC of 0.939. These results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of DL-based classifiers for the discrimination of cancers from the cervix and uterus. We expect that the performance of the classifiers will be much enhanced with an accumulation of WSI data. Then, the information from the classifiers can be integrated with other data for more precise discrimination of cervical and endometrial cancers

Prediction accuracy of conventional and total keratometry for intraocular lens power calculation in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery

Abstract This study evaluated the accuracy of total keratometry (TK) and standard keratometry (K) for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in eyes treated with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. The retrospective study included a retrospective analysis of data from 62 patients (91 eyes) who underwent uneventful femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with Artis PL E (Cristalens Industrie, Lannion, France) IOL implantation by a single surgeon between May 2020 and December 2020 in Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. The new IOLMaster 700 biometry device (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) was used to calculate TK and K. The mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error (MedAE), and the percentages of eyes within prediction errors of ± 0.25 D, ± 0.50 D, and ± 1.00 D were calculated for all IOL formulas (SRK/T, Hoffer-Q, Haigis, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, and Barrett Universal II). There was strong agreement between K and TK (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99), with a mean difference of 0.04 D. For all formulas, MAE tended to be lower for TK than for K, and relatively lower MAE and MedAE values were observed for SRK/T and Holladay 1. Furthermore, for all formulas, a greater proportion of eyes fell within ± 0.25 D of the predicted postoperative spherical equivalent range in the TK group than in the K group. However, differences in MAEs, MedAEs, and percentages of eyes within the above prediction errors were not statistically significant. In conclusion, TK and K exhibit comparable performance for refractive prediction in eyes undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery

Analysis of research topics and trends in the journal of Korean academy of nursing to improve its international influence

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze articles published in the Journal of the Korean Academy of Nursing (JKAN) between 2010 and 2019, along with those published in three international nursing journals, to improve JKAN's international reputation. Methods: The overall characteristics of JKAN's published papers and keywords, study participants, types of nursing interventions and dependent variables, citations, and cited journals were analyzed. Additionally, the keywords and study designs, publication-related characteristics, journal impact factors (JIF), and Eigenfactor scores of International Journal of Nursing Studies (UNS), International Nursing Review (INR), Nursing & Health Sciences (NHS), and JKAN were analyzed and compared. Results: Among the four journals, JKAN's score was the lowest in both the journal impact factor and Eigenfactor score. In particular, while the JIF of INR and NHS has been continuously increasing; JKAN's JIF has remained static for almost 10 years. The journals which had cited JKAN and those which JKAN had cited were mainly published in Korean. Conclusion: JKAN still has a low IF and a low ranking among Social Citation Index (E) journals during the past 10 years, as compared to that of four international journals. To enhance JKAN's status as an international journal, it is necessary to consider publishing it in English and to continuously improve the conditions of other publications.N