Sharing Economy in Russia: Vectors of Development of Supply Chain Management

The process of digitalization changes strategies for social intercourse organization, it predetermines the emergence of disruptive technologies and trends such as sharing economy that plays a special part among them. The purpose of the given research is to shape developments of supply chain management which will facilitate the legal framing of adequate mechanisms of relations in the sphere of shared use of goods and services (sharing economy) under growth of digital technologies. The research reviews and analyses basic ideas of economic and supply chain practices. The main research methods were deduction (specification of general principles and their application to particular spheres), induction (the study of work arrangement of certain platforms under sharing economy and further specification of general principles), and method of comparative law. Sharing economy activities may be diverse. It can be of profit-seeking or non-profit character. Thus, relations under discussion can be mediated by gratuitous and non-gratuitous contracts. Participants of sharing economy can be considered commercial and non-commercial organizations, and supply chain strategies, and it results in the necessity of solving the problem of their legal standing so that they can take part in supply chain transactions. Research findings are important for the development of legal science and supply chain in particular. On the basis of the conducted research the authors determine the main vectors of development of supply chain management to ensure evolution of sharing economy in Russia therefore, obtained results can be applied in supply chain practices, profession, and research in the sphere of economic science. The article singles out application features of supply chain frameworks with respect to the emergent economic relations. It is revealed that scientific uncertainty of the notion "sharing economy" leads to ambiguous interpretation of the legal nature of existing relations, substantial problems in applying legal standards to them, and in settlement of arising disputes. The development of sharing practices is one of the most important aims of the managers responsible for business processes management in supply chains, especially for logistics processes

Biomedical journals and databases in Russia and Russian language in the former Soviet Union and beyond

In the 20th century, Russian biomedical science experienced a decline from the blossom of the early years to a drastic state. Through the first decades of the USSR, it was transformed to suit the ideological requirements of a totalitarian state and biased directives of communist leaders. Later, depressing economic conditions and isolation from the international research community further impeded its development. Contemporary Russia has inherited a system of medical education quite different from the west as well as counterproductive regulations for the allocation of research funding. The methodology of medical and epidemiological research in Russia is largely outdated. Epidemiology continues to focus on infectious disease and results of the best studies tend to be published in international periodicals. MEDLINE continues to be the best database to search for Russian biomedical publications, despite only a small proportion being indexed. The database of the Moscow Central Medical Library is the largest national database of medical periodicals, but does not provide abstracts and full subject heading codes, and it does not cover even the entire collection of the Library. New databases and catalogs (e.g. Panteleimon) that have appeared recently are incomplete and do not enable effective searching

Some results of tritium researches of natural waters in Russia (1960–2010)

Original data of tritium (1H3HO, or HTO) studying (1959–2010) of both natural, and artificial (technogenic) origin in natural waters on the country territory and in the seas of the World Ocean are presented. Entry sources of cosmogenic and technogenic HTO in hydrosphere of the Earth from atmosphere and its carrying over to various links of hydrological cycle are considered. The basic laws of the space-temporal HTO distribution in surface water of the northern part of the Eurasian continent, in the seas washing Russia and in separate water areas of the World Ocean, and also in atmospheric precipitation and Antarctica’s firn snow are studied. Prevailing influence of a molecular exchange on the HTO content in the top layer of lakes, the seas and oceans and in atmospheric moisture over the ocean is shown. The theory of a multicomponent isotope balance method is developed for studying of dynamic characteristics of water objects. Priority results of tritium use in the industry (on oil deposits, collieries, mines etc.) and in researches under national and international programs (WESTPAK, SOUTHERN OCEAN, “Isotopes in deposits”, the Soviet Arctic and Antarctic expeditions) are given. Systems of national and Far East regional monitoring HTO pollution of natural waters are created. Complexes for HTO measuring with record levels of threshold sensitivity (in the late seventies sensitivity of complex POI equaled to 4 × 10−6 Bq/ml) have been developed