Topological complexity of Milnor fibration

In this paper we discover a connection between the Milnor fibration theory and current research trends in topological robotics. The configuration space and workspace are often described as subspaces of some Euclidean spaces. The work map is a continuous map which assigns to each state of the configuration space the position of the end-effector at that state. The tasking planning problem consists in study the complexity and design of algorithms controlling the task performed by the robot manipulator. We present a characterisation of the existence of cross-sections for Milnor fibrations in terms of homotopy groups of the fiber. Then, we study the tasking planning problem for the Milnor fibration of analytic function-germs. We see that the tasking planning algorithms strongly depend of the Milnor fibration theorem. We conjecture that the topological complexity of Milnor fibration coincidences with the topological complexity of its base (a sphere).Comment: 17 pages. Comments are welcome. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2208.10672, arXiv:1910.0015

Composição centesimal e teor de colesterol na carne de eqüinos (Equus caballus, Linneaus, 1758) machos e fêmeas agrupados por peso de carcaça Proximate composition and content of cholesterol in the meat of female and male equines (Equus cabalus, Linneaus 1758) with diferent carcasse weights

O presente estudo foi conduzido em frigorífico comercial e as análises no Setor de Tecnologia de Carnes do Departamento de Ciências dos Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA). Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do sexo e categoria de peso sobre a composição centesimal e teor de colesterol, 20 eqüinos (10 machos castrados e 10 fêmeas) foram abatidos e agrupados em categorias de peso ao abate preestabelecidas, sendo: C1( 88,82 a 97,88 kg); C2( 102,20 a 115,80 kg); C3(129,71 a 160,69 kg); C4(162,80 a 236,40 kg); com 5 animais por categoria. Os músculos longissimus dorsi (LD) e semimembranosus (SM), após o abate, foram coletados e analisados: umidade, gordura, proteína e cinzas (AOAC, 1990) e o colesterol foi determinado por colorimetria (Bragagnolo, 1997). O modelo estatístico foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2X4, e os dados foram analisadas pelo programa estatístico SAS. O fator sexo influenciou (p<0,05) os teores de colesterol no músculo LD. As médias encontradas (em base de matéria seca natural) foram de 36,77% e 56,08% para macho e fêmea, respectivamente. Os fatores categoria de peso e sexo não influenciaram os valores de umidade, proteína, cinza e gordura, nos músculos LD e SM, cujas médias foram: cinzas 0,70% e 1,16%; umidade 75,53% e 75,83%; gordura 0,67% e 2,03%; proteína 21,63% e 22,49% , para os músculos LD e SM, respectivamente. As proporções desses constituintes químicos mostram que a carne de eqüinos obtida em abatedouro comercial apresenta alta quantidade de proteína e baixa de gordura e pode ser considerada uma carne magra.<br>The present study was conducted in a packing house, with the assays being done in the Sector of Meat Technology/Food Science Department of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA). With the objective of evaluating the effect of sex and category of weight on the meat proximate composition and content of cholesterol, 20 equines (10 castrated males and 10 females) were slaughtered and grouped in pre-established categories of weight: C1 (88.82 to 97.88 kg); C2 (102.20 to 115.80 kg), C3 (129.7 to 160.69 kg) and C4 (162.80 to 236.40 kg); with 5 animals for each category. The muscles longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) were collected and analyzed for: moisture, fat, protein and ashes (AOAC, 1990) and the cholesterol was determined by colorimetry (Bragagnolo, 1997). The statistical model was completely randomized, in factorial scheme 2X4, and the data were analyzed through the statistical program SAS. The factor sex influenced (p<0,05) the contents of cholesterol in LD muscle, with average values (in base of dry natural material) of 36.77% and 56.08%, for males and females, respectively. The factors category of weight and sex had no influence in the values of moisture, protein, ash and fat in the muscles LD and SM, the averages seing: ashes (0.70% and 1.66%); moisture (75.53% and 75.83%); fat (0.67% and 2.03%); protein (21.63% and 22.49%) for the muscles LD and SM, respectively. The rates of these chemical components show that, the meat of equines obtained in a packing house presents a high quantity of protein and low quantity of fat and can be considered as a light meat

Composição centesimal e teor de colesterol dos cortes comerciais de capivara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L. 1766) Centesimal composition and cholesterol content in commercial cuts of capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L. 1766)

Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se determinar a composição centesimal e o teor de colesterol presente dos diferentes cortes comerciais da carne de capivara. A umidade, proteína, extrato etéreo e cinzas foram determinados segundo a AOAC (1990). O colesterol foi determinado por colorimetria. Os cortes comerciais apresentaram média de 75,80% de umidade; 21,74% de proteína; 0,74% de lipídios; 0,90% de cinzas; e 23,3 mg/100g de colesterol. Houve diferença (P<0,05) nos percentuais de umidade e colesterol entre os cortes comerciais; entretanto, não houve diferença sobre os teores de proteína, lipídios e cinzas. Pelos resultados encontrados, verifica-se um baixo teor de lipídios totais e de colesterol, quando comparados com os valores apresentados para carnes de outras espécies.<br>The aim of this work was to determine the proximate composition and cholesterol content in different commercial cuts of capybara. Moisture, crude fat, lipids and ash were determined following AOAC (1990) methods. Cholesterol content was determined by colorimetric method. Commercial cuts had values of: 75.8% of moisture; 21.74% of crude protein; 0.74% of crude fat; 0.90% of ash and 23.3mg/100g of cholesterol. There were significant (P<.05) differences on percentages of moisture and cholesterol content in the different commercial cuts. However, there was no difference on crude protein, crude fat and ash values. Results showed a lower percentage of lipids and cholesterol content in comparison with the meat of other species

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora