Comunicação dos millennials e uso do “tipo”: estudo linguístico da incidência dos vícios de linguagem oral entre discursos de universitários

The Portuguese language spoken in Brazil is evolving with social influences. The purpose of this study is to verify the incidence of language addiction, specifically the use of the term "type", among young university students of a Brazilian university. An online survey was conducted to find out the most common language addictions among students and the frequency with which they occur in speech. The data showed that the term "type" is among the most spoken among informants, second only to the terms "vei" and "mano" and is associated with the idea of uncertainty, unpreparedness, vice or imitation and lack of vocabulary expansion. One can conclude that there is an urgent need to intervene in communicative and linguistic practices in schools so that there is a change in the use of language addictions, especially among the public studied.El idioma portugués hablado en Brasil está evolucionando con influencias sociales. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un estudio en el que se busca verificar la incidencia del uso de vicios de lenguaje, específicamente el uso del término "tipo", entre jóvenes estudiantes universitarios de una universidad brasileña. Se realizó una encuesta en línea para conocer los vicios de lenguaje más comunes entre los estudiantes y la frecuencia con que ocurren en el discurso. Los datos mostraron que el término "tipo" está entre los más hablados entre los informantes, perdiendo sólo para los términos "vei" y "mano" y está asociada a la idea de incertidumbre, despreparo, vicio o imitación y falta de ampliación de vocabulario. Se puede concluir que urge una intervención acerca de las prácticas comunicativas y lingüísticas en las escuelas para que haya cambio en el uso de los vicios de lenguaje, sobre todo entre el público estudiado.A língua Portuguesa falada no Brasil está em evolução com as influências sociais. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a incidência do uso de vícios de linguagem, especificamente o uso do termo “tipo”,  entre jovens estudantes universitários de uma universidade brasileira. Realizou-se uma pesquisa online para saber os vícios de linguagem mais comuns entre os estudantes e a frequência com que ocorrem no discurso. Os dados mostraram que a o termo “tipo” está entre os mais falados entre os informantes, perdendo apenas para os termos “vei” e “mano” e está associada à ideia de incerteza, despreparo, vício ou imitação e falta de ampliação de vocabulário. Pode-se concluir que urge uma intervenção acerca das práticas comunicativas e linguageiras nas escolas para que haja mudança no uso dos vícios de linguagem, sobretudo entre o público estudado

Differential macrophage activation alters the expression profile of NTPDase and Ecto-5´-nucleotidase

Macrophages are key elements in the inflammatory process, whereas depending on the micro-environmental stimulation they exhibit a pro-inflammatory (classical/M1) or an anti-inflammatory/reparatory (alternative/M2) phenotype. Extracellular ATP can act as a danger signal whereas adenosine generally serves as a negative feedback mechanism to limit inflammation. The local increase in nucleotides communication is controlled by ectonucleotidases, such as members of the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase) family and ecto-59-nucleotidase/CD73 (ecto-59-NT). In the present work we evaluated the presence of these enzymes in resident mice M1 (macrophages stimulated with LPS), and M2 (macrophages stimulated with IL-4) macrophages. Macrophages were collected by a lavage of the mice (6–8 weeks) peritoneal cavity and treated for 24 h with IL-4 (10 ng/mL) or LPS (10 ng/mL). Nitrite concentrations were measured using the Greiss reaction. Supernatants were harvested to determine cytokines and the ATPase, ADPase and AMPase activities were determined by the malachite green method and HPLC analysis. The expression of selected surface proteins was evaluated by flow cytometry. The results reveal that M1 macrophages presented a decreased ATP and AMP hydrolysis in agreement with a decrease in NTPDase1, -3 and ecto-59-nucleotidase expression compared to M2. In contrast, M2 macrophages showed a higher ATP and AMP hydrolysis and increased NTPDase1, -3 and ecto-59-nucleotidase expression compared to M1 macrophages. Therefore, macrophages of the M1 phenotype lead to an accumulation of ATP while macrophages of the M2 phenotype may rapidly convert ATP to adenosine. The results also showed that P1 and P2 purinoreceptors present the same mRNA profile in both phenotypes. In addition, M2 macrophages, which have a higher ATPase activity, were less sensitive to cell death. In conclusion, these changes in ectoenzyme activities might allow macrophages to adjust the outcome of the extracellular purinergic cascade in order to fine-tune their functions during the inflammatory set

Trophic dynamics of methylmercury and trace elements in a remote Amazonian Lake.

peer reviewedInformation on pollutant trophodynamics can be crucial for public health, as contaminated food consumption may lead to deleterious effects. This study was performed in Puruzinho Lake, a remote body of water in the Brazilian Amazon from which a riparian human population obtains an important part of its animal protein intake. Samples from 92 individuals, comprising 13 species and four trophic guilds (iliophagous, planktivorous, omnivorous, and piscivorous fish) were analysed for the determination of trace elements (Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ca, Sr, Cd, Sn, Tl and Pb) and methylmercury concentrations. Samples from the same individuals had already been analysed for stable isotope (SI) measurements (δ13C and δ15N) in a previous investigation and the SI data have been statistically treated with those generated in this study for the evaluation of trophic dynamics of contaminants. Methylmercury was the only analyte that biomagnified, presenting TMF values of 4.65 and 4.55 for total and resident ichthyofauna, respectively. Trace elements presented either trophic dilution or independence from the trophic position, constituting a behaviour that was coherent with that found in the scientific literature. The similarity between Ni behaviour through the trophic web to that of essential elements contributes to the discussion on the essentiality of this metal to fish. Considering the Non-cancer Risk Assessment, the calculated Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values were higher than 1.0 for all analysed individuals for methylmercury, as well as for only one individual for nickel. No other analyte rendered THQ values higher than 1.0.14. Life below wate

Avaliação do sobrepeso e obesidade infantil em alunos do 5º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas municipais e particulares de Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná: Assessment of children’s weight levels and obesity in 5th year elementary school students from public and private schools in Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná

A obesidade na infância é decorrente de vários fatores, sendo que o sedentarismo e os erros alimentares estão entre as principais causas da obesidade infantil, podendo exercer grande influência sobre a predisposição genética. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as possíveis diferenças nos valores de sobrepeso e obesidade entre os alunos do 5º ano de escolas municipais e particulares de Foz do Iguaçu/PR, bem como os níveis de colesterol e glicemia. As avaliações antropométricas foram conduzidas por meio de medidas do índice de massa corpórea (IMC), enquanto que os níveis de glicose e colesterol foram avaliados por meio do uso de medidores portáteis que utilizam uma amostra capilar (dedo).  A pesquisa foi realizada em 449 alunos, sendo 92 crianças oriundas de escolas particulares e 357 da rede municipal de ensino. Os resultados obtidos para sobrepeso/obesidade não se mostraram estatisticamente diferentes entre as escolas particulares e municipais (p=0,648). No entanto, a análise de variância dos níveis de glicemia das crianças estudadas, permitiu estabelecer uma associação entre os resultados desta variável com o nível socioeconômico, com p inferior a 0,0001, com os resultados mais elevados para a rede municipal. A avaliação dos níveis de colesterol demonstrou uma correlação oposta ao observado para a glicemia, onde os valores médios registrados foram maiores para as escolas particulares, com p igual a 0,0023. A prevalência observada nos níveis mais elevados de colesterol total nos alunos de escolas particulares em relação às escolas públicas, pode estar relacionada com perfis diferentes de atividade física/sedentarismo nas diferentes populações estudadas.A obesidade na infância é decorrente de vários fatores, sendo que o sedentarismo e os erros alimentares estão entre as principais causas da obesidade infantil, podendo exercer grande influência sobre a predisposição genética. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as possíveis diferenças nos valores de sobrepeso e obesidade entre os alunos do 5º ano de escolas municipais e particulares de Foz do Iguaçu/PR, bem como os níveis de colesterol e glicemia. As avaliações antropométricas foram conduzidas por meio de medidas do índice de massa corpórea (IMC), enquanto que os níveis de glicose e colesterol foram avaliados por meio do uso de medidores portáteis que utilizam uma amostra capilar (dedo).  A pesquisa foi realizada em 449 alunos, sendo 92 crianças oriundas de escolas particulares e 357 da rede municipal de ensino. Os resultados obtidos para sobrepeso/obesidade não se mostraram estatisticamente diferentes entre as escolas particulares e municipais (p=0,648). No entanto, a análise de variância dos níveis de glicemia das crianças estudadas, permitiu estabelecer uma associação entre os resultados desta variável com o nível socioeconômico, com p inferior a 0,0001, com os resultados mais elevados para a rede municipal. A avaliação dos níveis de colesterol demonstrou uma correlação oposta ao observado para a glicemia, onde os valores médios registrados foram maiores para as escolas particulares, com p igual a 0,0023. A prevalência observada nos níveis mais elevados de colesterol total nos alunos de escolas particulares em relação às escolas públicas, pode estar relacionada com perfis diferentes de atividade física/sedentarismo nas diferentes populações estudadas

Mundos mesclados, espaços segregados: cultura material, mestiçagem e segmentação no sítio Aldeia em Santarém (PA)

This article discusses the processes of cultural exchange between Portuguese, Portuguese-Brazilian, Amerindians, and mestizos based on the analysis of the material culture from households of Santarém (PA), occupied during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,. Although these social groups manipulated material culture aiming to express different values, related to hierarchy, social segmentation, and affirmation of identities, ambiguity also characterizes these assemblages. This material ambiguity informs about the mixtures of both practices and cultural references that brought about the building of a mestizo society.Com base na análise da cultura material proveniente de unidades domésticas do núcleo urbano de Santarém (PA), ocupadas nos séculos XVIII e XIX, o presente artigo discute os processos de trocas culturais entre portugueses, luso-brasileiros, indígenas e mestiços. Embora esses grupos sociais tenham manipulado a cultura material visando expressar diferentes valores, relacionados à hierarquia, segmentação social e afirmação de identidades, a ambigüidade é uma característica das amostras analisadas, informando sobre as misturas de práticas e de referenciais culturais que levaram à construção de uma sociedade mestiça

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI