Altura de planta e diâmetro de colmo em Cana-de-Açúcar de terceiro corte fertilizada com organomineral de lodo de esgoto e bioestimulante / Plant Height And Cane Diameter In Third-Cut Sugarcane Fertilized With Organo-Mineral Sewage Sludge And Biostimulant

O presente trabalho teve como princípio avaliar a cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) sob adubação organomineral com lodo de esgoto e bioestimulante. O experimento foi conduzido delineamento em blocos casualizados, com esquema fatorial 5x2+1, sendo cinco tratamentos com e sem biestimulante, mais um adicional (adubação mineral) com quatro repetições. As combinações dos tratamentos foram em função da recomendação de adubação de plantio de 470 kg ha-1 formulado 04-21-07 e cobertura de 400 kg ha-1 do 10-00-40 + 0,7% B aos 150 dias após plantio (DAP) e cobertura aos 90 dias após o corte (DAC) com base na análise de solo, consistindo: 100 % com fonte mineral; 0; 60; 80; 100 e 120 % (Com e Sem Bioestimulante) da fonte organomineral a base lodo de esgoto. Foram avaliados altura de plantas e diâmetro de colmo da safra 2017/2018. A fonte de fertilizante organomineral de lodo de esgoto não difere em relação ao fertilizante mineral. O bioestimulante e os percentuais de adubação não interfere na altura de plantas e diâmetro de colmos

Repercussões e manejo relacionados a Distúrbios Hidroeletroliticos nos pacientes graves: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

Os distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos são eventos comumente observados na prática médica, inclusive em situações de emergência, podendo representar risco de vida ou possibilidade de sequelas para o paciente a depender da magnitude do caso. Independentemente da etiologia, a desidratação tem sua importância definida pela intensidade das perdas líquidas e pela proporção de perdas salinas em relação à perda de água. Isto evidencia a importância de se avaliar corretamente o quadro para se desenvolver um tratamento adequado. Este estudo tem como objetivo explorar o tema das repercussões e manejo de distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos nos pacientes graves a partir de uma revisão sistemática com meta análise com o emprego das palavras chave “unidade de terapia intensiva”, “gerenciamento hidroeletrolítico”, “distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos” e “controle de líquidos e eletrólitos” nos bancos de dados PubMed, BVS, Lilacs, Medline e Scielo objetivando acessar artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2022. A equipe de enfermagem está diretamente responsável pelo manejo de pacientes de alta complexidade, o que pode envolver casos que exigem o gerenciamento hidroeletrolítico, isto requer um conhecimento aprofundado dos mecanismos envolvidos no metabolismo da água e dos eletrólitos. O monitoramento diário da função renal pela equipe de enfermagem é um cuidado importante para se evitar o quadro de insuficiência renal aguda

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Phosphate fertilizers for sugarcane used in pre-planting (Phosphorus fertilizer application)

Phosphate application is still rarely used in sugarcane and can be done with phosphorus fertilizers of long residual period. This study evaluated the effect of phosphate fertilizers applied in the whole area before planting on sugarcane yield and technological quality. The study was done at Jalles Machado sugar-mill, in Goianésia-GO, during three growing seasons. The treatments consisted of five different phosphorus sources, soluble and insoluble, applied in the rate equivalent to 300 kg ha-1 P2O5. The fertilizers used were: triple superphosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), Arad phosphate rock, Itafós phosphate rock and magnesium thermophosphate. The effects of these fertilizers were evaluated by analysis of plant height (height from ground to TVD), leaf phosphorus content, sugarcane yield in cane plant, first ratoon and second ratoon, by technology parameters in ratoon, by sugar produced and by agronomic efficiency. Application of magnesium thermophosphate and triple superphosphate resulted in greater plant cane height. Leaf concentrations of phosphorus in cane showed the superiority of MAP, magnesium thermophosphate and triple superphosphate. Phosphate applications did not affect yield of cane plant, but increased yield of sugarcane ratoon as well as the amount of sugar produced per hectare. In general, the residual effect of insoluble phosphates increased over the years. The Agronomic Efficiency Indices (AEI) of phosphate decreased in the following order: Triple superphosphate (100%)> Thermophosphate (89%)> MAP (80%)>Itafós phosphate rock (67%)> Arad phosphate rock (60 %).Mestre em AgronomiaA fosfatagem é ainda uma prática pouco utilizada na cultura da cana-de-açúcar e pode ser feita com fertilizantes fosfatados de efeito residual longo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de fertilizantes fosfatados aplicados em área total antes do plantio da cana-de-açúcar na produção de colmos e qualidade da matéria prima de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido na Usina Jalles Machado, no município de Goianésia-GO durante três anos agrícolas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco fertilizantes fosfatados, solúveis e insolúveis na dose equivalente a 300 kg ha-1 de P2O5. Os fertilizantes usados foram: superfosfato triplo, monoamônio fosfato (MAP), fosfato natural reativo de Arad, fosfato natural de Itafós e termofosfato magnesiano. Para avaliar os efeitos imediatos e residuais destes fertilizantes, foram utilizados parâmetros tais como: altura de plantas (altura do solo até TVD), teor foliar de fósforo, produtividade da cana-de-açúcar na cana-planta, soca e ressoca, análise tecnologia na soqueira, quantidade de açúcar produzido e índice de eficiência agronômica dos fertilizantes utilizados. Na cana planta a adubação fosfatada proporcionou maior altura de plantas com a aplicação do termofosfato magnesiano e do superfosfato triplo. As concentrações de fósforo (P) nas folhas de cana-planta indicaram superioridade do MAP, termofosfato-magnesiano e superfosfatto-triplo. A fosfatagem não influenciou a produtividade da cana-planta, porém aumentou a produtividade da cana soca bem como a quantidade de açúcar produzida por hectare. De uma forma geral, o efeito residual dos fosfatos insolúveis aumentou no decorrer dos anos. O Índice de Eficiência Agronômica (IEA) dos fosfatos diminuiu na seguinte ordem: Superfosfato triplo (100 %) > Termofosfato (89%) > MAP (80%) > Fosfato Itafós (67%) > Fosfato Arad ( 60%)

Organomineral fertilizer for the yield of sugar cane

Fertilization of sugar cane plays an utmost important role in its entire production process directly influencing the productivity of the crop. The use of organomineral fertilizers as a source of nutrients may be an alternative to replace mineral fertilizers in this crop. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of the use of organomineral fertilizer on sugar cane. From 2011 to 2013 ten experiments were conducted under field conditions in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Goiás. In nine locations, doses of organomineral fertilizers were given according to the treatment with the mineral fertilizer recommended in each experimental area, following approximately 60, 80 and 100 % of the amount of N, P2O5 and K2O and a control treatment without applying fertilizers. In one local three doses of P2O5 by mineral and organomineral fertilizers were applied as well as a control treatment. The experimental design for all experiments was randomized blocks with five replications. During the crop cycle, assessment of plant height, leaf analysis (N, P and K), soil samples (before and after harvest of the experiments), yield, earnings were performed ships, technological variables and amount of sugar produced per hectare. Data were initially tested for assumptions of normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances. For yield analysis, the treatment means were compared using the Dunnet test at a significance level of 10%. The quantitative results were subjected to regression analysis and other variables were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance. There were no changes in nutritional levels of NPK in leaves even in treatments with lower dosage of NPK if treatments with organomineral fertilizer dosing with 60 % and 80 % of the NPK content is used in mineral fertilizer. The organomineral fertilizer was more efficient than the mineral fertilizer in both plant canes as for ratoon cane, being able to replace mineral fertilizers and submit by 24 % more efficiency in productivity from sugar cane. The application of this organomineral fertilizer provided greater profitability per hectare compared to mineral fertilizer.Doutor em AgronomiaA adubação da cana-de-açúcar assume papel de suma importância em todo o seu processo de produção, influenciando de forma direta a produtividade da cultura. A utilização de fertilizantes organominerais como fornecedores de nutrientes pode ser uma alternativa para a substituição dos adubos minerais na cultura. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficiência agronômica da utilização de fertilizante organomineral na cana-deaçúcar, para tal foram realizados dez experimentos conduzidos entre os anos de 2011 e 2013 em condições de campo nos estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Goiás. Em nove locais, as doses de organomineral foram definidas em função do tratamento com o fertilizante mineral recomendado em cada área experimental, seguindo aproximadamente 60, 80 e 100% da quantidade de N, P2O5 e K2O além de um tratamento controle, sem a aplicação de fertilizantes e em um local foram aplicados três doses de P2O5 via fertilizantes mineral e organomineral além de um tratamento controle. O delineamento experimental em todos os experimentos foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. Durante o ciclo da cultura, foram realizadas avaliações de altura de plantas, análise foliar (N, P e K), amostras de solo (antes e após a colheita dos experimentos), produção de colmos, lucro estimado, variáveis tecnológicas e quantidade de açúcar produzido por hectare. Os dados obtidos foram inicialmente testados quanto às pressuposições de normalidade dos resíduos e homogeneidade entre as variâncias. Para análise de produtividade, as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas por meio do teste de Dunnet ao nível de significância de 10%. Os resultados quantitativos foram submetidos à análise de regressão e as demais variáveis foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de significância de 5%. Não houve alterações dos níveis nutricionais de NPK nas folhas mesmo nos tratamentos com menor dosagem de NPK, caso dos tratamentos com organomineral com dosagem de 60% e 80% do teor de NPK utilizado no fertilizante mineral. O fertilizante organomineral mostrou-se mais eficiente que o fertilizante mineral tanto em cana planta quanto em cana soca, podendo substituir o fertilizante mineral e apresentar até 24% a mais de eficiência na produção de colmos de cana-de-açúcar. A aplicação do fertilizante organomineral proporcionou uma maior lucratividade por hectare quando comparado ao fertilizante mineral