USO DE Bacillus spp. NO CONTROLE DE FITOPATÓGENOS EM SEMENTES DE SOJA VARIEDADE BRS VALIOSA RR

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the biological control of plant pathogens of soybean seed microbiolization performing with Bacillus spp., B. polymyxa, B. cereus, B. pumilus and B. licheniformis. For the sanity test method was employed the Blotter Test. Seeds of soybean cultivar BRS Valiosa RR. The seeds were microbiolized with the bacterial suspension in saline (0.85% NaCl) at a concentration of OD540 = 0.5 AA and brought to a shaking table for 30 minutes. Seeds were plated on filter paper in experiments conducted in the laboratory with a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replications. We evaluated the incidence and reduction of pathogens in seeds. There was the assessment of healthy and infected seeds. The BRS Valiosa RR showed 48% of healthy seeds and 52% of infected seeds. According to the analysis of the incidence and control of pathogens in seeds with the use of Bacillus spp., the species Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus showed the highest percentage rates of control in the range used in the experiment.   KEYWORD: biological control, health, microbiolization.RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o controle biológico de fitopatógenos da soja realizando microbiolização de sementes com Bacillus spp., B. polymyxa, B. cereus, B. pumilus e B. licheniformis. Para o teste de sanidade foi empregado o método do Blotter Test. Foram utilizadas sementes de soja da variedade BRS Valiosa RR. As sementes foram microbiolizadas com a suspensão de bactérias em solução salina (NaCl 0,85 %), na concentração de OD540 = 0,5 AA e levadas à mesa de agitação por 30 minutos. As sementes foram plaqueadas em papel de filtro em experimentos conduzidos em laboratório com delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os parâmetros avaliados foram incidência e redução dos patógenos em sementes de soja. Houve a avaliação de sementes sadias e infectadas. A variedade BRS valiosa RR apresentou 48 % de sementes sadias e 52% de sementes infectadas. De acordo com a análise da incidência e controle de fitopatógenos em sementes de soja com uso de Bacillus spp., as espécies Bacillus licheniformis e Bacillus pumilus apresentaram os maiores índices percentuais de controle na variedade utilizada no experimento.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: controle biológico, microbiolização, sanidade

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data