On the implementation of the gamma function for image correction on a endoscopic camera

This paper describes part of project that implemented the image processing of a CMOS sensor for endoscopic purposes. The sensor is a small sized device of 1x1mm2 and the image processing has been done inside a FPGA. This part of the work describes the implementation of the Gamma function with a balance between the resources needed and the accuracy. A linear piecewise solution was used that stores the values for 31 gamma functions with values ranging from 1 to 4 with 0.1 steps. The solution developed is 10 bit based, was coded in VHDL and is implemented in a Spartan 6 FPGA. The results show that it is an accurate solution that has a small footprint in terms of used resources.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Como Evitar Matar a Galinha dos Ovos de Ouro: Uma Análise dos Potenciais Impactos de Uma Taxa Sobre as Exportações de Tabaco Não Processado em Moçambique

Tobacco production in Mozambique has grown very rapidly over the past seven years. From 1,500 tons in the 1996/7 agricultural season, national production of raw tobacco has increased every year to reach approximately 50,000 tons in 2003/4 (Figure 1). Over the same period the estimated number of tobacco growing households has increased from 6,000 to more than 120,000. There are currently five major firms (or partnerships) operating in the country promoting both smallholder contract farming schemes and larger scale commercial operations. The impact of this rapid expansion of the tobacco sector on rural smallholder household incomes and economic growth has been dramatic

How To Avoid Killing The Chicken That Lays The Golden Eggs: An Analysis Of The Potential Impacts Of An Export Tax On Raw Tobacco In Mozambique.

Tobacco production in Mozambique has grown very rapidly over the past seven years. From 1,500 tons in the 1996/7 agricultural season, national production of raw tobacco has increased every year to reach approximately 50,000 tons in 2003/4 (Figure 1). Over the same period the estimated number of tobacco growing households has increased from 6,000 to more than 120,000. There are currently five major firms (or partnerships) operating in the country promoting both smallholder contract farming schemes and larger scale commercial operations. The impact of this rapid expansion of the tobacco sector on rural smallholder household incomes and economic growth has been dramatic

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field