Antimicrobial, Anticancer And Antioxidant Activities Of Methanolic Extract Of Elaeis Guineensis Jacq. Leaves

Malaysia, being one of the economically industrious producers of oil palm around the world correspondingly, had recognized for its assiduous and phenomenal expansion of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantings. Though the plantation had considerably contributed to the nation, the by-products yielded during replanting, harvesting and pruning became controvertible. There are several by-products of oil palm, explicitly oil palm fronds (OPF) had been contributing 70% to the overall oil palm industry waste in the country which reportedly produced around 30 million tons annually of oil palm biomass, including trunks, fronds, and empty fruit bunches

Anti-cancer natural products inducing cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy mutual proteins to regulate cancer cell death: design of future green anticancer therapies

The present letter concerns anti-cancer natural products inducing cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy mutual proteins to regulate cancer cell death for future cancer green therapeutic approaches. The course of cancer advancement has always been attributed to the defectiveness in cell death mechanisms (Du et al., 2013; Hematulin et al., 2014). These defects act as a shield in protecting tumor cells from drugs and therapies, all at the same time, maintaining a longer life span and prompting their dispersion procedures. Autophagy and apoptosis safeguards cells from cellular damages and maintains proliferation and homeostasis by deporting outgrowth and controlling differentiation of pernicious cells. The autophagic proteins are conventionally found in hindering apoptosis whereas vice versa accounts had been reported for apoptotic-intermediates in preventing autophagic responses

Regulating mitochondrial biogenesis : from herbal remedies to phytomedicine for cancer prevention

Mitochondria are well-adapted endosymbiotic intracellular organelles, acting as the energy supplier for survival and proliferation of cells under aerobic conditions. Moreover, cellular proliferation largely depends on the total number of mitochondria, governed by the process of mitochondrial biogenesis (Davila and Zamorano, 2013; Yoboue et al., 2014)

In vitro and in vivo anticandidal activities of alginate-enclosed chitosan-calcium phosphate-loaded Fe-bovine lactoferrin nanocapsules

Aim: To study the in vitro and in vivo anticandidal activity of nanocapsulated bovine lactoferrin. Materials & methods: In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities were conducted to study the anticandidal activities of nanocapsules (NCs). Results: The NCs showed good anticandidal activities. The disruption of cell wall and cell membrane was noted via microscopy studies. The NCs changed the normal growth profile of Candida albicans. NCs reduced the colony forming unit in kidney and blood samples. Histopathological examination showed better cell structure and coordination compared with untreated mice kidney. NCs also enhanced the natural killing properties of C. albicans by epithelial cells. Conclusion: NCs have effective anticandidal properties and have the potential as a therapeutic agent against candidiasis

Can cancer therapy be achieved by bridging apoptosis and autophagy: A method based on microRNA-dependent gene therapy and phytochemical targets

A failure of a cell to self destruct has long been associated with cancer progression and development. The fact that tumour cells may not instigate cell arrest or activate cell death mechanisms upon cancer drug delivery is a major concern. Autophagy is a mechanism whereby cell material can be engulfed and digested while apoptosis is a self-killing mechanism, both capable of hindering multiplication after cell injury. In particular situations, autophagy and apoptosis seem to co-exist simultaneously or interdependently with the aid of mutual proteins. This review covers roles of microRNAs and chemopreventive agents and makes an attempt at outlining possible partnerships in maximizing cancer cell death with minimal normal cell damage

The antimicrobial efficacy of elaeis guineensis : characterization, in Vitro and in Vivo studies

The urgent need to treat multi-drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms in chronically infected patients has given rise to the development of new antimicrobials from natural resources. We have tested Elaeis guineensis Jacq (Arecaceae) methanol extract against a variety of bacterial, fungal and yeast strains associated with infections. Our studies have demonstrated that E. guineensis exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo against the bacterial and fungal strains tested. A marked inhibitory effect of the E. guineensis extracts was observed against C. albicans whereby E. guineensis extract at =, 1, or 2 times the MIC significantly inhibited C. albicans growth with a noticeable drop in optical density (OD) of the bacterial culture. This finding confirmed the anticandidal activity of the extract on C. albicans. Imaging using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy was done to determine the major alterations in the microstructure of the extract-treated C. albicans. The main abnormalities noted via SEM and TEM studies were the alteration in morphology of the yeast cells. In vivo antimicrobial activity was studied in mice that had been inoculated with C. albicans and exhibited good anticandidal activity. The authors conclude that the extract may be used as a candidate for the development of anticandidal agent.<br /

Fundamental Studies On The Mechanism Of Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites Polyphenols Action In Hela Cells In Relation To Microrna Regulation

Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites is a lofty, evergreen tree that extensively known for its medicinal beneficial in treating various ailments. Though P. longifolia ethnomedicinal benefits had been recognised, studies concerning its anticancer and apoptotic cell death activity in relation to microRNAs (miRNA) and their mechanism had never been studied in detail. Herein, this study was conducted to comprehensively study these characteristics

Polyalthia longifolia Methanolic Leaf Extracts (PLME) induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial potential depolarization by possibly modulating the redox status in hela cells

Medicinal plants have been accepted as a gold mine, with respect to the diversity of their phytochemicals. Many medicinal plants extracts are potential anticancer agents. Polyalthia longifolia var. angustifolia Thw. (Annonaceae) is one of the most significant native medicinal plants and is found throughout Malaysia. Hence, the present study was intended to assess the anticancer properties of P. longifolia leaf methanolic extract (PLME) and its underlying mechanisms. The Annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis showed that PLME induces apoptosis in HeLa cells in dose-dependent manner whereas the PI flow cytometric analysis for cell cycle demonstrated the accumulation of cells at sub G0/G1, G0/G1 and G2/M phases. Investigation with JC-1 flow cytometry analysis indicated increase in mitochondria membrane potential depolarisation corresponding to increase in PLME concentrations. PLME was also shown to influence intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by exerting anti-oxidant (half IC50) and pro-oxidant (IC50 and double IC50) affect against HeLa cells. PLME treatment also displayed DNA damage in HeLa cells in concentration depended fashion. The proteomic profiling array exposed the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins upon PLME treatment at IC50 concentration in HeLa cells. Pro-apoptotic proteins; BAX, BAD, cytochrome c, caspase-3, p21, p27 and p53 were found to be significantly up-regulated while anti-apoptotic proteins; BCL-2 and BCL-w were found to be significantly down-regulated. This investigation postulated the role of p53 into mediating apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial potential depolarisation by modulating the redox status of HeLa cells

The Antimicrobial Efficacy of &lt;em&gt;Elaeis guineensis&lt;/em&gt;: Characterization, &lt;em&gt;in Vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in Vivo&lt;/em&gt; Studies

The urgent need to treat multi-drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms in chronically infected patients has given rise to the development of new antimicrobials from natural resources. We have tested &lt;em&gt;Elaeis guineensis &lt;/em&gt;Jacq&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;(Arecaceae) methanol extract against a variety of bacterial, fungal and yeast strains associated with infections. Our studies have demonstrated that &lt;em&gt;E. guineensis&lt;/em&gt; exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; against the bacterial and fungal strains tested. A marked inhibitory effect of the &lt;em&gt;E. guineensis&lt;/em&gt; extracts was observed against &lt;em&gt;C. albicans&lt;/em&gt; whereby &lt;em&gt;E. guineensis&lt;/em&gt; extract at ½, 1, or 2 times the MIC significantly inhibited &lt;em&gt;C. albicans&lt;/em&gt; growth with a noticeable drop in optical density (OD) of the bacterial culture. This finding confirmed the anticandidal activity of the extract on &lt;em&gt;C. albicans&lt;/em&gt;. Imaging using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy was done to determine the major alterations in the microstructure of the extract-treated &lt;em&gt;C. albicans&lt;/em&gt;. The main abnormalities noted via SEM and TEM studies were the alteration in morphology of the yeast cells. &lt;em&gt;In vivo&lt;/em&gt; antimicrobial activity was studies in mice that had been inoculated with &lt;em&gt;C. albicans&lt;/em&gt; and exhibited good anticandidal activity. The authors conclude that the extract may be used as a candidate for the development of anticandidal agent.&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt