Effects of intravenous lignocaine on anaesthetic parameters in cattle under dexmedetomidine-butorphanol-ketaminemidazolam- isofluraneanaesthesia

The present study was conducted for clinical evaluation of a multimodal anaesthetic protocol using butorphanol-dexmedetomidine-midazolam-ketamine-isoflurane and lignocaine continuous rate infusion (CRI) in six cross-bred female cattle. Preanaesthetics used were butorphanol and dexmedetomidine which were administered intravenously at dose rates of 0.05 mg/kg and 1 μg/ kg body weight, respectively. Ketamine and midazolam were intravenously administered at dose rates of 4.0 and 0.2 mg/kg body weight respectively, to induce anaesthesia. Isoflurane was used to maintain anaesthesia after endotracheal intubation, at a concentration of 1.05 ± 0.97 per cent concentration in 100 per cent oxygen using a large animal anaesthesia machine. Simultaneously, intravenous lignocaine was administered at a bolus dose of 2 mg/kg body weight followed by a CRI of 3 mg/kg body weight/hour using a volumetric infusion pump. Isoflurane sparing effect of intravenous lignocaine reduced the required concentration of isoflurane for maintenance. The third plane of surgical anaesthesia was maintained and various surgical procedures were done. Recovery was smooth. Other than the mild regurgitation of ruminal fluid in an animal, no anaesthetic complications were noticed

Evaluation of keeping quality of canine platelet rich plasma under different storage conditions

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy is an integral part of regenerative medicine as the platelets possess a good healing capacity owing to the presence of a wide variety of growth factors in the platelet granules found in the cytoplasm of the platelet. Autologous PRP was prepared from the blood of the patient itself, without any preservatives. Storage of PRP was one of the main hurdles of the treatment modality. During storage, the platelet counts may get reduced, undergo activation or get contaminated with bacteria as no preservatives are used in the preparation of autologous PRP. Cytological changes and microbial quality of the PRP during storage at 4oC and -20oC for seven days were analysed in this study. Reduction in platelet count and the chance of microbial contamination were less when autologous PRP was stored at -20°C compared to 4°C

B-mode and Doppler ultrasound features of mammary neoplasms and their comparison with normal mammary glands in dogs

Canine mammary neoplasms are naturally occurring non-homogenous group of tumours with many resemblances to human breast cancer. In female dogs mammary tumours are of great clinical relevance due to the high prevalence and mortality rate, which varies according to the histopathological classification and clinical stage. The aim of the study was to compare the ultrasonographic features of the normal mammary gland with benign and malignant mammary neoplasms in dogs, through assessed by B-mode and Doppler mode ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic examination of seven normal mammary glands along with six benign and 12 malignant mammary neoplasms were performed. Among the parameters evaluated by B-Mode ultrasonography, significant differences were found (p < 0.01) in the tumour margin and invasiveness of neoplasms, where malignant tumours were invasive with uncircumscribed margin. Significant difference was also found in the presence of posterior acoustic enhancement (p<0.05) between benign and malignant mammary neoplasms. Elevated peak systolic velocity of blood flow within the tumour vessels in malignant mammary neoplasm was the only feature assessed with Doppler mode having significant difference