258 research outputs found
Image Enhancement with Statistical Estimation
Contrast enhancement is an important area of research for the image analysis.
Over the decade, the researcher worked on this domain to develop an efficient
and adequate algorithm. The proposed method will enhance the contrast of image
using Binarization method with the help of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE).
The paper aims to enhance the image contrast of bimodal and multi-modal images.
The proposed methodology use to collect mathematical information retrieves from
the image. In this paper, we are using binarization method that generates the
desired histogram by separating image nodes. It generates the enhanced image
using histogram specification with binarization method. The proposed method has
showed an improvement in the image contrast enhancement compare with the other
image.Comment: 9 pages,6 figures; ISSN:0975-5578 (Online); 0975-5934 (Print
Enhancement of Image Resolution by Binarization
Image segmentation is one of the principal approaches of image processing.
The choice of the most appropriate Binarization algorithm for each case proved
to be a very interesting procedure itself. In this paper, we have done the
comparison study between the various algorithms based on Binarization
algorithms and propose a methodologies for the validation of Binarization
algorithms. In this work we have developed two novel algorithms to determine
threshold values for the pixels value of the gray scale image. The performance
estimation of the algorithm utilizes test images with, the evaluation metrics
for Binarization of textual and synthetic images. We have achieved better
resolution of the image by using the Binarization method of optimum
thresholding techniques.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figure
Conceptualizing Reform and Building Consensus : Islam in South Asia, and some Aspects of Leadership Patterns and Political Consciousness
The preponderant thrust of academic literature on the field of Islam in South Asia often projects a picture of a monolithic Muslim community seamlessly pervaded by broader religious nationalist forces. This paper suggests, this has not always been so, especially in late nineteenth-early twentieth century. Using sources hitherto inadequately utilized this historical sketch of ideas of socio-religious reformism and political culture foregrounds a much more nuanced picture. The instance of the DÄâĆ«dÄ« BohrÄs, a Sevener ShÄ«âa sect, illustrates how one brand of epistemic construction of reform and progress was taken up by a different strand of politico-ethical thought, rationalizing and relocating it in a new interpretive paradigm. The paper studies the works of two leading BohrÄ thinkers, Mulla Abdul Husain and Sir Adamjee Peerbhoy. The qualified absorption of Abdul Husainâs sectarian reformist-revivalist ideas by Adamjee Peerbhoy, intertwined with the latterâs project of reconfiguring BohrÄ identity, becomes intelligible against the backdrop of contemporaneous politico-intellectual culture. This involved constant re-charting of the boundaries of the BohrÄ community, eventually leading to its linkage with the broader South Asian umma along political lines. This paper explores the theory and praxis of these moments of dialogue and negotiations, tracing the labyrinthine trajectory from socio-religious to political orientations. In doing so, it studies the role of leaders in negotiating identities with critical reference to Paul Brassâs conceptualization of âinstrumentalityâ of elites in political mobilization by way of manipulating symbols, though not losing sight of the contextual specificities conditioning such choices, and examining the role of âindividual rationalityâ
Relay-Linking Models for Prominence and Obsolescence in Evolving Networks
The rate at which nodes in evolving social networks acquire links (friends,
citations) shows complex temporal dynamics. Preferential attachment and link
copying models, while enabling elegant analysis, only capture rich-gets-richer
effects, not aging and decline. Recent aging models are complex and heavily
parameterized; most involve estimating 1-3 parameters per node. These
parameters are intrinsic: they explain decline in terms of events in the past
of the same node, and do not explain, using the network, where the linking
attention might go instead. We argue that traditional characterization of
linking dynamics are insufficient to judge the faithfulness of models. We
propose a new temporal sketch of an evolving graph, and introduce several new
characterizations of a network's temporal dynamics. Then we propose a new
family of frugal aging models with no per-node parameters and only two global
parameters. Our model is based on a surprising inversion or undoing of triangle
completion, where an old node relays a citation to a younger follower in its
immediate vicinity. Despite very few parameters, the new family of models shows
remarkably better fit with real data. Before concluding, we analyze temporal
signatures for various research communities yielding further insights into
their comparative dynamics. To facilitate reproducible research, we shall soon
make all the codes and the processed dataset available in the public domain
Effect of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics- the Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India Postpartum Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device initiative, India on postpartum contraceptive choices- last year and post-project one-year review in a rural medical college
Background: The FIGO-FOGSI launched an initiative in 2015 to expand the use of PPIUCD in six centers in phase 1, including our institution. This study aimed at the evaluating the effect of this program on the postpartum contraceptive choices during the last year of the project and one year thereafter.Methods: This was a clinical study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and J. N. M. Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019. All antenatal women were counseled about the various methods available for postpartum contraception. Data was collected on a monthly basis and results were analyzed.Results: There was a marked reduction of the acceptance rate of PPIUCD after the withdrawal of the program, with mild variation of the user percentage of most other methods.Conclusions: Further initiation and continuation of this FIGO-FOGSI project may definitely improve the scenario of acceptance of postpartum family-planning methods in this institution. However, in the existing situation, the capacity of available human resources should be built towards achieving this, to sustain the same impact as while on the FOGSI-FIGO project
RCCNet: An Efficient Convolutional Neural Network for Histological Routine Colon Cancer Nuclei Classification
Efficient and precise classification of histological cell nuclei is of utmost
importance due to its potential applications in the field of medical image
analysis. It would facilitate the medical practitioners to better understand
and explore various factors for cancer treatment. The classification of
histological cell nuclei is a challenging task due to the cellular
heterogeneity. This paper proposes an efficient Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) based architecture for classification of histological routine colon
cancer nuclei named as RCCNet. The main objective of this network is to keep
the CNN model as simple as possible. The proposed RCCNet model consists of only
1,512,868 learnable parameters which are significantly less compared to the
popular CNN models such as AlexNet, CIFARVGG, GoogLeNet, and WRN. The
experiments are conducted over publicly available routine colon cancer
histological dataset "CRCHistoPhenotypes". The results of the proposed RCCNet
model are compared with five state-of-the-art CNN models in terms of the
accuracy, weighted average F1 score and training time. The proposed method has
achieved a classification accuracy of 80.61% and 0.7887 weighted average F1
score. The proposed RCCNet is more efficient and generalized terms of the
training time and data over-fitting, respectively.Comment: Published in ICARCV 201
Outcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in non-metastatic locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer â A prospective and randomized study
Background: Sequential chemoradiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy are two treatment options for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Still there is limited data regarding which is the better treatment option.
Aims and Objectives: This study is to compare the response rate and toxicity pattern between induction (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locally advanced NSCLC patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 48 Stage III NSCLC patients were selected for the study and were randomized into two arms with a 1:1 ratio. Patients of ARM-1 received concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone of a total dose of 66Gy/33# over 6 and â
2 weeks with paclitaxel (50 mg/m2) and carboplatin (Area under curve [AUC] 2) once every week. The study arm (ARM-2) received two cycles of induction chemotherapy with paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 6) every 3 weeks and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (same CRT as on ARM-1).
Results: In our study, overall response rate (Complete response+Partial response) in Arm 1 and Arm 2 was 62% and 71%, respectively. The treatment was very tolerated in our study. A mean follow-up of 12 months by KaplanâMeier survival analysis showed a statistically non-significant difference in disease-free survival in both arms. Progression-free survival was numerically superior in the induction chemotherapy arm but the difference was statistically non-significant. Acute hematological toxicity was numerically more in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy arm, but statistically not significant. Acute lung toxicity, acute pharynx, and esophagus toxicity were numerically more in the induction chemotherapy arm but statistically non-significant.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference between induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in the present study population
GW190412: Observation of a Binary-Black-Hole Coalescence with Asymmetric Masses
We report the observation of gravitational waves from a binary-black-hole coalescence during the first two weeks of LIGOâs and Virgoâs third observing run. The signal was recorded on April 12, 2019 at 05â¶30â¶44 UTC with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 19. The binary is different from observations during the first two observing runs most notably due to its asymmetric masses: a âŒ30âM_â black hole merged with a âŒ8âM_â black hole companion. The more massive black hole rotated with a dimensionless spin magnitude between 0.22 and 0.60 (90% probability). Asymmetric systems are predicted to emit gravitational waves with stronger contributions from higher multipoles, and indeed we find strong evidence for gravitational radiation beyond the leading quadrupolar order in the observed signal. A suite of tests performed on GW190412 indicates consistency with Einsteinâs general theory of relativity. While the mass ratio of this system differs from all previous detections, we show that it is consistent with the population model of stellar binary black holes inferred from the first two observing runs
Properties and Astrophysical Implications of the 150 M_â Binary Black Hole Merger GW190521
The gravitational-wave signal GW190521 is consistent with a binary black hole (BBH) merger source at redshift 0.8 with unusually high component masses, 85âșÂČÂčâââ M_â and 66âșÂčâ·âââ M_â, compared to previously reported events, and shows mild evidence for spin-induced orbital precession. The primary falls in the mass gap predicted by (pulsational) pair-instability supernova theory, in the approximate range 65â120 M_â. The probability that at least one of the black holes in GW190521 is in that range is 99.0%. The final mass of the merger 142âșÂČâžâââ M_â) classifies it as an intermediate-mass black hole. Under the assumption of a quasi-circular BBH coalescence, we detail the physical properties of GW190521's source binary and its post-merger remnant, including component masses and spin vectors. Three different waveform models, as well as direct comparison to numerical solutions of general relativity, yield consistent estimates of these properties. Tests of strong-field general relativity targeting the merger-ringdown stages of the coalescence indicate consistency of the observed signal with theoretical predictions. We estimate the merger rate of similar systems to be 0.13_(-0.11)^(+0.30) Gpcâ»Âł yrâ»Âč. We discuss the astrophysical implications of GW190521 for stellar collapse and for the possible formation of black holes in the pair-instability mass gap through various channels: via (multiple) stellar coalescences, or via hierarchical mergers of lower-mass black holes in star clusters or in active galactic nuclei. We find it to be unlikely that GW190521 is a strongly lensed signal of a lower-mass black hole binary merger. We also discuss more exotic possible sources for GW190521, including a highly eccentric black hole binary, or a primordial black hole binary
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