Effect of Ultrasonication Dispersion Technique on Sintering Properties of CNT Reinforced Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Powder

CNT has been researched significantly due to its properties especially mechanical and conductivity properties. Due to strong affinity between particles, dispersion has been remained a problem for its applications. Ultrasonication technique was used to disperse CNT on aluminum powder. Ultrasonication has successfully dispersed CNT on aluminum powder in ethanol. Low energy ball milling for 1h under argon gas with 5:1 ball to powder ratio was used to optimize dispersion of CNT on aluminum. CNT concentration in this research is ranged from 0.1 up to 3wt%. Premix Al-5.5Zn-2.5Mg-0.5Cu powder was used as matrix for this research. Sintering at 580°C for 1h under argon gas was carried to produce high density materials. Pores are still remained on material and it is possibility that pores were caused by agglomeration of CNT. Dispersion high content of CNT is still remained obstacle on this research. Aluminum carbide, Al4C3 is recognized as a ‘bridge between aluminum and CNT for stress transfer was investigated in this research. Raman Spectroscopy, XRD and SEM-EDS were carried out to characterize materials

Genomics of Preaxostyla Flagellates Illuminates the Path Towards the Loss of Mitochondria.

The notion that mitochondria cannot be lost was shattered with the report of an oxymonad Monocercomonoides exilis, the first eukaryote arguably without any mitochondrion. Yet, questions remain about whether this extends beyond the single species and how this transition took place. The Oxymonadida is a group of gut endobionts taxonomically housed in the Preaxostyla which also contains free-living flagellates of the genera Trimastix and Paratrimastix. The latter two taxa harbour conspicuous mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs). Here we report high-quality genome and transcriptome assemblies of two Preaxostyla representatives, the free-living Paratrimastix pyriformis and the oxymonad Blattamonas nauphoetae. We performed thorough comparisons among all available genomic and transcriptomic data of Preaxostyla to further decipher the evolutionary changes towards amitochondriality, endobiosis, and unstacked Golgi. Our results provide insights into the metabolic and endomembrane evolution, but most strikingly the data confirm the complete loss of mitochondria for all three oxymonad species investigated (M. exilis, B. nauphoetae, and Streblomastix strix), suggesting the amitochondriate status is common to a large part if not the whole group of Oxymonadida. This observation moves this unique loss to 100 MYA when oxymonad lineage diversified