The Logic Of The Pension System In Algeria

Many questions arise: retirement, a big business? How many retirees do we count? What is the average retirement income level? Dispersion of retirees’ income? Retirement is expensive, what does this mean? And also, many suggestions: « There’s not work for everybody and workers must retire earlier and earlier » « Seniors are becoming more numerous, this is why pension costs are getting more and more expensive » « Despite their high cost pensions are too low » The article presents an insight into the old age pension system in Algeria. There are three topic paragraphs: 1. Retirement: Definition and Characteristics of Evolution, 2. The Retirement System in Algeria, 3.challenges and new reform. There, the author’s goal was to present both past and present solutions employed by the Algerian pension system, in search for ideas worth consideration, in then end the author’s present the reform in the Algerian system.   Keywords: retirement system, funding, balance of the system, demographic data. الملخص : العديد من الأسئلة التي تطرح حول التقاعد .ايضا حول كم عدد المتقاعدين الذين يملوهم صدوق التقاعد . ما هو متوسط مستوى دخل التقاعد؟ كيف يتشتت دخل المتقاعدون؟ التقاعد مكلف، ماذا يعني هذا؟ . وأيضا، العديد من الاقتراحات «ليس هناك عمل للجميع ويجب أن يتقاعد العمال في وقت مبكر وأسبق» «أصبح عدد كبار السن أكثر عددا، وهذا هو السبب في أن تكاليف المعاشات التقاعدية تزداد وأكثر تكلفة» «على الرغم من معاشاتهم العالية التكلفة منخفضة جدا». تقدم المقالة نظرة ثاقبة على نظام المعاشات التقاعدية للشيخوخة في الجزائر. هناك ثلاث فقرات موضوعية كالآتي: التقاعد: تعريف وخصائص التطور، 2. نظام التقاعد في الجزائر، 3. والتحديات والإصلاحات الجديدة كان هدفنا هو طرح الحلول السابقة والحالية التي يستخدمها نظام التقاعد الجزائري، بحثا عن أفكار تستحق النظر، ثم في النهاية نعرض الإصلاحات في لنظام لتقاعد الجزائري. الكلمات الرئيسية: نظام التقاعد، والتمويل، وتوازن النظام، البيانات الديموغرافية

Consumption of light products and prevalence of Obesity among a population of Academics in Casablanca, Morocco

Moroccan citizens are increasingly aware of the effect of food on their health. The objective of this work is to study the consumption of Light products (LP) by students, as well as their effects on the prevalence of obesity. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017 using an anonymous questionnaire. The latter included information related to Gender, age, anthropometric parameters, perception of the body image, as well as the consumption of BP (types, frequency, duration, reasons for consumption, etc.). The results were analyzed by SPSS software, version 21. 19.9% of respondents never consume light products, 59.2% consume them sometimes, 18.6% daily. This consumption varies according to Gender (p <0.05). 28.7% of students consume them to slim down; 30.3% think they are the best for good health and 12% like their good taste. 47.5% of the respondents consume LP in sugar and 30.3% the reduced in fat, with a significant difference between the two gender (p <0.05). Dairy products are the most consumed by participants (48.7%) among the fatty acids, while those for sugar, the most consumed are: confectionery (32.3%) and light drinks (23%). 61.66% of LP consumers have a normal weight (37.9% consume them sometimes and 23.76% daily); 29.66% are overweight (19% sometimes consume them and 10.6% daily) and 4.45% moderate obesity (2.9% sometimes and 1.5% daily). 60% of consumers of low fatty acids and 0.3% of consumers of low sugar have moderate obesity. Uncontrolled consumption of LP can increase the risk of overweight and obesity. However, these products can be consumed as part of a healthy diet and preferably in combination with a balanced and varied diet