Encapsulation of Centella asiatica leaf extract in liposome: Study on structural stability, degradation kinetics and fate of bioactive compounds during storage

Liposomes containing Centella asiatica leaf extract (CALE) were encapsulated in soy lecithin and stigmasterol. The impact of wall materials on encapsulation efficacy, particle size, and zeta potential was investigated. In addition, FTIR and SEM analyses were conducted to study the chemical structure and shape of the final particles. In addition to the kinetic and thermodynamic properties, this study investigated the storage study, lipid oxidation analysis, and thermal analysis of encapsulated particles. The generated particles were spherical, and the average size of vesicles was between 512.67 and 787.78 nm, indicating a diverse population. The encapsulation efficiency varied greatly based on the concentrations of soy lecithin and stigmasterol. Following encapsulation with soy lecithin and stigmasterol, the FTIR spectrum showed very minor changes. The storage investigation revealed that phenolic chemicals deteriorated as the temperature increased. Additionally, secondary oxidation of lipids is reduced in CALE-loaded liposomes (CALE-LP) compared to liposomes without CALE. A thermal study demonstrated that it was difficult to maintain the bioactive component at a high temperature for an extended period of time. In general, however, the results revealed that liposomes successfully retained the bioactivity of the leaf extract and could be utilised to generate new fortified food products with health benefits

The “Mystique” of Acute Leukemia: MPAL-BAL-AUL-ALAL-aBLL-HAL-MLL: Initial presentation of MPAL as extramedullary neurological compromise; A case report and review of literature

Introduction: MPAL (Multi Phenotypic Acute Leukemia), BAL (Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia), AUL (Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia), ALAL (Acute Leukemia of Ambiguous Lineage), HAL (Hybrid Acute Leukemia), HAL (Hybrid Acute Leukemia), MLL (Mixed Lineage Leukemia) and aBLL (acute BiLineal Leukemia) represent different names of the same pathology or do these entities represent completely separate disease processes? These rather uncommon manifestations of acute leukemia complicate strict taxonomical sub grouping as well as their management. Rapid identification & swift management may restrict further neurological damage, while achieving hematological remission. Case description: A 16 year female presented with gradual onset paraplegia for 7 months, a history of multiple blood transfusions in the past 2 years, pancytopenia, atypical cells in peripheral smear; the hematological and bone marrow work up revealed a diagnosis of: MPAL, B/Myeloid, NOS [Multi Phenotypic Acute Leukemia, B cell {lymphoid}/Myeloid, not otherwise specified]. An ALL type induction regimen was started. The management strategy, it's rationale and the clinical outcome are discussed. Conclusion: For routine neurosurgical practice, these entities are extremely rare; and hence a working knowledge is very essential for appropriate & timely management notwithstanding the neurosurgical desire to rule out the compressive lesions first. Neurological status deterioration may be halted with timely institution of appropriate chemotherapy. In the extensive literature review in pubmed, this may be only the 1st case of MPAL with extramedullary neurological manifestation, at the first clinical presentation