Different Perforin Expression in Peripheral Blood and Prostate Tissue in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

Perforin (P) is a prototypical cytotoxic molecule involved in cell-mediatedimmunity against various pathogens, alloantigens and particularly differenttumours. The purpose of this study was to determine P expression in differentlymphocyte subpopulations isolated from peripheral blood and prostate tissueof patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa)and compare it with the P expression found in the control group. Twenty sub-jects were recruited in each of the groups. Prostate mononuclear cells of theBPH and PCa tissues were isolated by enzymatic digestion and gradient den-sity centrifugation, whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolatedby gradient density centrifugation alone. Cells and tissue samples were labelledusing monoclonal antibodies against P and different surface antigens (CD3,CD4, CD8 and CD56) and analysed by immunofluorescence and flow cytome-try. Total P expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes did not differ signifi-cantly between BPH⁄PCa patients and control group, although the BPH andPCa tissue showed lower P expression level. A negative correlation betweenprostate-specific antigen levels and the overall percentage of P+, CD3+CD56)P+, and CD3)CD56+P+cells in the prostate tissue was observed onlyin patients with PCa. Our findings indicate that the low frequency of P+lym-phocytes, including T, NKT and NK cells, in the prostate tissue of patientswith BPH and, particularly, PCa could be the consequence of local tissuemicroenvironment and one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis ofprostate hyperplasia following malignant alteration

A restrictive dose of crystalloids in patients during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and cost-effective: prospective, two-arm parallel, randomized controlled trial [Corrigendum]

Belavic´ M, Sotošek Tokmadžić V, Brozović Krijan A, et al.Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018;14:741–751.In this article, the author Josip Žunic´ did not meet the criteria for authorship and was erroneously included in the authors list. The authors wish to apologize for this error.Read the original article

Progesterone Directly and Indirectly Affects Perforin Expression in Cytolytic Cells

Laskarin G, Faust Zs, Štrbo N, SotoŠek V, Szekeres‐Bartho J, Podack ER, Rukavina D. Progesterone directly and indirectly affects perforin expression in cytolytic cells. AJRI 1999; 42:312–320 © Munksgaard, Copenhagen PROBLEM: Decidual lymphocytes (DL) expressing the cytolytic molecule perforin represent approximately 55% of DL in the first trimester of human pregnancy. Progesterone dominates this phase of pregnancy and controls the production of uterine cytokines and growth factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of progesterone and progesterone‐induced blocking factor (PIBF) on perforin expression in DL and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). METHOD OF STUDY: Perforin expression was analyzed in PBL and DL incubated either in culture medium or with decidual adherent cells (DAC) and peripheral blood adherent cells (PBAC) and their supernatants with or without progesterone or PIBF. Perforin was detected by flow cytometry in PB and in decidual first trimester pregnancy lymphocytes. RESULTS: Progesterone in high concentrations directly affects perforin expression in DL but not in PBL. Progesterone in a concentration dependent manner indirectly blocks perforin expression in DL and PBL cultured with adherent cells or their supernatants. PIBF blocked upregulation of perforin expression of DL cultured with DAC, but none of those cultured with PBAC. Similarly, PIBF was inefficient when PBL or DL were cultured with PBAC. CONCLUSION: Progesterone present in a high concentration locally at the maternal‐fetal interface modulates perforin expression in the first trimester pregnancy DL