The content of competence-based education: competence translation problem

The article treats the issue of the content structure of competence-based teaching. Proof is given of the fact that the problem can be resolved by means of integrating the graduate’s competences into the content of education. The necessity of a new approach to the academic content design in compliance with the federal state educational standard of higher professional education is substantiated. The competence-subject correspondence matrix and its application is criticized as inefficient in acquiring competences specified by the standard. As an alternative the author suggests to proceed from the principles of competence-based approach and result-oriented conception of education rather than traditionally structured subject-based teaching process in designing educational programs. A conception is put forward stipulating the priority of educational results design before the development of the structural units of the academic process so that the expected results could be integrated into the subject teaching content.Обсуждается проблема структуры содержания компетентностно-ориентированного обучения. Доказывается, что ключевым ее моментом является способ трансляции компетенций выпускника образовательной программы в содержание обучения. Обосновывается необходимость реализации нового подхода к проектированию содержания учебного процесса в соответствии с ФГОС ВПО. Критикуется применение матрицы соответствия компетенций и дисциплин как не эффективный способ освоения заданных стандартом компетенций. В качестве альтернативы при разработке образовательных программ предлагается не исходить из традиционной дисциплинарной структуры процесса обучения, а основываться на принципах компетентностного подхода и концепции результатов обучения. Предлагается концепция, согласно которой сначала проектируется структура результатов обучения, которая потом разворачивается в содержание структурных единиц процесса обучения

Conservative algorithm of substance transport over a closed graph of cardiovascular system

Abstract -Mathematical models and numerical algorithms of substance transport over a closed graph of a cardiovascular system must satisfy the property of conservativity. A conservative model and a numerical algorithm for calculation of substance transport through a working heart are proposed in the paper. The efficiency of the algorithm considered here is confirmed by test calculations. A method for simulation of substance transport in tissues surrounding vessels is also proposed. Simulation of transport of substances dissolved in blood (gases, salts, reactants) over a vessel channel is an urgent challenge in physiology and pharmacology. Numerical experiments are often required in the development of new medicines and in studies of oxygen saturability of organs and tissues. An integral part of such experiments is the development of adequate mathematical models and numerical algorithms. Several research papers have been focused on the construction of models of substance transport in a cardiovascular system. In general, those papers considered either local processes (often in many-dimensional formulation), or a transport of substances over a system of vessels (in one-dimensional or quasi-one-dimensional formulations). An example of the former approach is Within the quasi-one-dimensional approach, the authors in Researchers have constructed a model of a cardiovascular system closed through the heart and preserving the total volume of blood. A transport of a substance over a vascular network was also considered and some variants of closure of the model with respect to the transported substance were proposed

Перспективы поисков неантиклинальных ловушек углеводородов в терригенных отложениях девона на территории северных районов Волго-Урала

The northern regions of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province have not yet exhausted the potential in gaining in oil and gas reserves due to structural deposits. However, there is a need to search for non-anticline traps. Devonian terrigenous deposits are very promising for the detection of non-anticline hydrocarbon traps here. The typification of non-anticlinal traps was carried out. According to the typification, carried out on the basis of geological and geophysical criteria, six zones of distribution of non-anticlinal traps that are promising for the detection of industrial accumulations of hydrocarbons are identified.Северные районы Волго-Уральской нефтегазоносной провинции еще не исчерпали возможностей получения прироста запасов нефти и газа за счет структурных залежей, тем не менее назрела необходимость поисков неантиклинальных ловушек. Весьма перспективными на обнаружение здесь ловушек углеводородов неантиклинального типа являются девонские терригенные отложения. Проведена типизация неантиклинальных ловушек, развитых в пределах нефтеперспективных земель изучаемой территории. В соответствии с проведенной типизацией на основе геолого-геофизических критериев выделены шесть зон распространения неантиклинальных ловушек, перспективных на обнаружение промышленных скоплений углеводородов

Apokamps produced by repetitive discharges in air

New experimental and computational data on apokamps produced by repetitive discharges in air, including a detailed description of the research techniques used, are presented. It has been shown that plasma bullets–streamers in apokamps at low frequencies could start not only from the bright offshoot but also directly from the discharge channel. The experimental and computational data demonstrate that the visual color of apokamp changes from blue to red as the intensity ratio of the second to the first positive nitrogen system decreases with the decreasing pressure

On the Puzzle of Odd-Frequency Superconductivity

Since the first theoretical proposal by Berezinskii, an odd-frequency superconductivity has encountered the fundamental problems on its thermodynamic stability and rigidity of a homogenous state accompanied by unphysical Meissner effect. Recently, Solenov {\it et al}. [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 79} (2009) 132502.] have asserted that the path-integral formulation gets rid of the difficulties leading to a stable homogenous phase with an ordinary Meissner effect. Here, we show that it is crucial to choose the appropriate saddle-point solution that minimizes the effective free energy, which was assumed {\it implicitly} in the work by Solenov and co-workers. We exhibit the path-integral framework for the odd-frequency superconductivity with general type of pairings, including an argument on the retarded functions via the analytic continuation to the real axis.Comment: 6 pages, in JPSJ forma

Possible Odd-Frequency Superconductivity in Strong-Coupling Electron-Phonon Systems

A possibility of the odd-frequency pairing in the strong-coupling electron-phonon systems is discussed. Using the Holstein-Hubbard model, we demonstrate that the anomalously soft Einstein mode with the frequency $\omega_{\rm E}\ll\omega_{c}$ ($\omega_{c}$ is the order of the renormalized bandwidth) mediates the s-wave odd-frequency triplet pairing against the ordinary even-frequency singlet pairing. It is necessary for the emergence of the odd-frequency pairing that the pairing interaction is strongly retarded as well as the strong coupling, since the pairing interaction for the odd-frequency pairing is effective only in the diagonal scattering channel, $(\omega_{n},-\omega_{n})\to(\omega_{n'},-\omega_{n'})$ with $\omega_{n'}=\omega_{n}\gtrsim \omega_{\rm E}$. Namely, the odd-frequency superconductivity is realized in the opposite limit of the original BCS theory. The Ginzburg-Landau analysis in the strong-coupling region shows that the specific-heat discontinuity and the slope of the temperature dependence of the superfluid density can be quite small as compared with the BCS values, depending on the ratio of the transition temperature $T_{c}$ and $\omega_{c}$.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Educational robotics as an Innovative teaching practice using technology: minimization of risks

This research is focused on studying educational robotics, specifically robots which provide functions of educational activity. We have considered the questions of intelligent agents' behavior and have studied their educational opportunities. Educational robotics is a powerful tool of developing person's skills and abilities in various fields of technical creativity and professional activity. The evolutionary development of robotics is connected with development of artificial intelligence, where emotions play a great role in operations. Nowadays the main thing is to form the ability and skills of optimum interaction with social environment when a person, based on gained knowledge, is capable to put goals of the activity in strict accordance with laws and society conditions and using current technology