Epigenetic temporal control of mouse Hox genes in vivo

During vertebrate development, the temporal control of Hox gene transcriptional activation follows the genomic order of the genes within the Hox clusters. Although it is recognized that this "Hox clock" serves to coordinate body patterning, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We have shown that successive Hox gene activation in the mouse embryo is closely associated with a directional transition in chromatin status, as judged by the dynamic progression of transcription-competent modifications: Increases in activation marks correspond to decreases in repressive marks. Furthermore, using a mouse in which a Hox cluster was split into two pieces, we document the necessity to maintain a clustered organization to properly implement this process. These results suggest that chromatin modifications are important parameters in the temporal regulation of this gene family

Epigenetic regulation of vertebrate Hox genes: a dynamic equilibrium

Temporal and spatial control of Hox gene expression is essential for correct patterning of many animals. In both Drosophila and vertebrates, Polycomb and Trithorax group complexes control the maintenance of Hox gene expression in appropriate domains. In vertebrates, dynamic changes in chromatin modifications are also observed during the sequential activation of Hox genes in the embryo, suggesting that progressive epigenetic modifications could regulate collinear gene activation

Epigenetic regulation of Hox gene activation: the waltz of methyls

Genetic studies have revealed that the antagonistic interplay between PcG and TrxG/MLL complexes is essential for the proper maintenance of vertebrate Hox gene expression in time and space. Hox genes must be silenced in totipotent embryonic stem cells and, in contrast, rapidly activated during embryogenesis. Here we discuss some recently published articles that propose a novel mechanism for the induction of Hox gene transcription. These studies report a new family of histone demethylases that remove H3K27me3/me2 repressive marks at Hox promoters during differentiation of stem cells. Though the overall importance of these enzymes for proper embryogenesis was demonstrated, their precise role in Hox gene epigenetic regulation during development still remains to be firmly established

A novel chromatin-remodeling complex variant, dcPBAF, is involved in maintaining transcription in differentiated neurons

The Polybromo-associated BAF (BRG1- or BRM-associated factors) (PBAF) chromatin-remodeling complex is essential for transcription in mammalian cells. In this study, we describe a novel variant of the PBAF complex from differentiated neuronal cells, called dcPBAF, that differs from the canonical PBAF existing in proliferating neuroblasts. We describe that in differentiated adult neurons, a specific subunit of PBAF, PHF10, is replaced by a PHF10 isoform that lacks N- and C-terminal domains (called PHF10D). In addition, dcPBAF does not contain the canonical BRD7 subunit. dcPBAF binds promoters of the actively transcribed neuron-specific and housekeeping genes in terminally differentiated neurons of adult mice. Furthermore, in differentiated human neuronal cells, PHF10D-containing dcPBAF maintains a high transcriptional level at several neuron-specific genes

Epidemiology of congenital heart disease in the newborns

The article considers the structure of congenital heart disease (CHD). A frequency of CHD was analyzed according to sex, physical development of children, gestation age, parity and course of pregnancy. The detection of CHD was examined at different stages of diagnosis. The article shows ways to provide medical care to children.В статье рассмотрена структура врожденных пороковсердца. Проанализирована частота встречаемости врожденных пороков сердца в зависимости от различных параметров (пол, физическое развитие детей, гестационный возраст, паритет и особенности течения беременности). Исследована частота выявления врожденных пороков сердца на различных этапах диагностики и рассмотрены варианты оказания медицинской помощи

Окремі питання посилення громадського контролю (нагляду) за державними закупівлями

Сошников А. О., Сошникова Ю. О. Окремі питання посилення громадського контролю (нагляду) за державними закупівлями / А. О. Сошников, Ю. О. Сошникова // Міжнародні читання з міжнародного права пам’яті професора П.Є. Казанського : матер. третьої міжнар. наук. конф. (м. Одеса, 2–3 листопада 2012 р.) / відп. за випуск М. І. Пашковський ; НУ «ОЮА». – Одеса : Фенікс, 2012. – С. 484-486.На думку авторів статті створення громадського консультативно-дорадчого органу при Міністерстві економічного розвитку та торгівлі України, в формі громадської експертної ради, дозволить посилити громадський контроль (нагляд) у сфері державних закупівель під час прийняття рішень, в тому числі щодо розробки законодавчих змін, а також сприятиме усвідомленню громадянами можливості впливу на реалізацію державної політики в відповідній галузі

Проблемы построения балансовых таблиц ресурсов и использования воды

In this article on the example of the Republic of Belarus are presented questions related to information and methodological support for construction of balance tables for water resources and  using water resources as an important tool in socio-economic  decision making.Major issues in constructing balance tables for water resources that arise when developing policy guidelines and  methodological recommendations for the Republic of Belarus are  reviewed. The key theoretical aspects of water resources accounting  are highlighted. The authors assessed the potential of constructing  satellite accounts for «Water resources» at the country and regional  level. The development of this satellite account will allow to evaluate  the production in the water sector and the relationship between supply and demand for water resources within the economy; it will  provide international comparability of statistical estimates of natural  resources, and also in the long run will allow to determine the multiplicative effect of the state of water resources on the  economy of the country. The primary and statistical accounting of  water at the level of water canals is considered in detail (on the  example of UE «Minskvodokanal »). The analysis of the identity of  the seizure and use of water in SEEA-water and the Ministry of  Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of  Belarus was carried out, and indicators that are characteristic only of the Republic of Belarus are highlighted, as they reflect its national (in particular, legal) features of water fund use. In the proposed standard scheme of a satellite account for water resources, they are  not reflected. The informational challenges of constructing resource  and water use balance tables are considered. A scheme for  interaction between individual ministries, agencies and the National  Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus in the development  of statistical indicators for water resources with a description of  individual stages has been developed. For each stage, information flows are formed, as well as return streams of  information. The authors built a pyramid of information flows on  water between producers of information and its users.В статье на примере Республики Беларусь рассмотрены вопросы информационно-методологического обеспечения построения балансовых таблиц ресурсов и использования  водных ресурсов как важного инструмента для принятия решений в социально-экономической политике страны. Дана характеристика основных проблем построения  балансовых таблиц по водным ресурсам, возникающих в процессе формирования  методических и методологических рекомендаций для Республики Беларусь. Выделены ключевые теоретические аспекты учета водных ресурсов. Авторами сделана  оценка возможностей построения сателлитного счета «Водные ресурсы» для страны в  целом, а также на уровне регионов. Разработка указанного сателлитного счета позволит оценить производство в отрасли водного хозяйства и взаимосвязи между спросом и предложением на водные ресурсы внутри отраслей экономики; обеспечит международную  сопоставимость статистических оценок природных ресурсов, а также в долгосрочной  перспективе позволит определить мультипликативный эффект влияния состояния водных  ресурсов на экономику страны. Отражены особенности первичного и статистического учета  воды на уровне водоканалов (на примере «Минскводоканал»). Проведен анализ  идентичности показателей изъятия и использования воды в SEEA-water и в Министерстве  природных ресурсов и охраны окружающей среды Республики Беларусь. Выделены  показатели, которые характерны только для Республики Беларусь, так как отражают ее  национальные (в частности, правовые) особенности использования водного фонда (в  стандартной схеме сателлитного счета по водным ресурсам они не отражаются).  Рассмотрены информационные проблемы построения балансовых таблиц ресурсов и  использования водных ресурсов. Разработана схема взаимодействия Национального  статистического комитета Республики Беларусь с отдельными министерствами и  ведомствами по формированию статистических показателей по водным ресурсам с  описанием отдельных этапов работы по формированию информационные потоков, а также  встречных возвратных потоков информации. Авторами построена пирамида  информационных потоков, отражающих водные ресурсы, между производителями  информации и ее пользователями

A Genetic Approach to the Recruitment of PRC2 at the HoxD Locus

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are essential for the repression of key factors during early development. In Drosophila, the polycomb repressive complexes (PRC) associate with defined polycomb response DNA elements (PREs). In mammals, however, the mechanisms underlying polycomb recruitment at targeted loci are poorly understood. We have used an in vivo approach to identify DNA sequences of importance for the proper recruitment of polycomb proteins at the HoxD locus. We report that various genomic re-arrangements of the gene cluster do not strongly affect PRC2 recruitment and that relatively small polycomb interacting sequences appear necessary and sufficient to confer polycomb recognition and targeting to ectopic loci. In addition, a high GC content, while not sufficient to recruit PRC2, may help its local spreading. We discuss the importance of PRC2 recruitment over Hox gene clusters in embryonic stem cells, for their subsequent coordinated transcriptional activation during development

Different functions of PHF10 isoforms – subunits of the PBAF chromatin remodeling complex

Chromatin remodelling multiprotein complexes play an important role in regulation of gene expression in embryogenesis and in the adult organism. Mutations in the subunits of the complexes are often lethal or lead to developmental defects. Complexes consist of core subunits and a specific module. The core consists of ATPase and structure subunits, specific subunits of the module are necessary for chromatin binding. PHF10 (PHD finger protein 10) is a subunit of the PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF) chromatin remodelling complex subfamily. Conserved and highly regulated PHF10 is ubiquitously expressed in mammals as four different isoforms. The isoforms of PHF10 differ by domain structures and posttranslational modifications. All isoforms are highly regulated and included in the PBAF complex in a mutually exclusive manner. Two of the PHF10 isoforms (PHF10-P) are expressed at a high level in neuronal and myeloid progenitors and are necessary for cell proliferation. These isoforms contain PHD (plant homeodomain) fingers for nucleosome binding and recruit RNA polymerase II on the promoters of cell cycle genes. Two other isoforms (PHF10-S) instead of PHD have PDSM (phosphorylation-dependent sumoylation motif), the motif for SUMO1 conjugation. PHF10 is the most unstable subunit of the PBAF complex. Stability can alter the turnover rate of the subunits of the PBAF complex. All PHF10 isoforms are degraded by β-TrCP ubiquitin ligase but PHF10-S isoforms contain a cluster of serins (X-cluster) for multiple phosphorylation by casein kinase I. This phosphorylation protects the β-TrCP degron from β-TrCP recognition and subsequently stabilizes the PHF10-S isoforms. Thus, the incorporation of PHF10 isoforms with different phosphorylation patterns and different stability into the PBAF complexes alters the functions of the entire PBAF complex and determines the range of genes undergoing remodelling

About the Place of Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence in the Development of Russian Society

Статья поступила в редакцию 16.01.2024 г.В работе рассматривается цифровизация как современная форма организации общественных отношений, раскрывается роль искусственного интеллекта в ее развитии. Особое внимание уделено влиянию цифровизации на развитие политической и социальной сфер общества, пространства СМИ, права и правового регулирования. Рассмотрены направления ее влияние на систему права, средств массовых коммуникаций, показан характер их изменений под влиянием цифровых технологий.The paper considers digitalization as a modern form of organization of public relations and reveals the role of artificial intelligence in its development. Special attention is paid to the impact of digitalization on the development of the political and social spheres of society, the media space, law and legal regulation. The directions of its influence on the system of law and mass media are examined, the nature of their changes under the influence of digital technologies is shown