Brigadas de estudiantes de las Ciencias Médicas en centros de aislamiento

Introduction: the creation of isolation centers constitutes one of the most important measures taken during COVID-19 in Cuba; with the consequent incorporation of students in the dissimilar tasks carried out in these institutions.Objective: to characterize the brigades of students who worked in the isolation centers of the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos in the month of July 2021. Method: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with students from the brigades of the isolation centers in July 2021. The universe was made up of 72 students and its entirety was studied. The variables studied were: age, sex, municipality, career, academic year, isolation center and tasks performed. Descriptive statistics were used.Results: the female sex and the age group from 19 to 21 years (69.44%) predominated; the majority came from the municipality of Cienfuegos (91.7%). 91.7% belonged to the medical career and 52.9% to the second academic year. Participation in the Student Residence predominated and the tasks performed most frequently were that of a patrician and messenger. Conclusions: the students who made up the brigades of the isolation centers worked mainly in the center of the Student Residence, predominantly female. The most frequently performed tasks were patrician and messenger. The medical career and the second year stood out for the high participation in the impact task.Introducción: la creación de centros de aislamiento constituyente una de las más importantes medidas tomadas durante la COVID-19 en Cuba; con la consecuente incorporación de estudiantes en las disímiles labores que se ejecutan en estas instituciones.Objetivo: caracterizar las brigadas de estudiantes que laboraron en los centros de aislamiento de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos en el mes de julio del 2021. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal con estudiantes de las brigadas de los centros de aislamiento en el mes de julio del 2021. El universo quedó conformado por 72 estudiantes y fue estudiada su totalidad. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, municipio, carrera, año académico, centro de aislamiento y tareas que realizan. Se empleó estadística descriptiva.Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino y el grupo de edades de 19 a 21 años (69,44 %); en su mayoría procedían del municipio de Cienfuegos (91,7 %). El 91,7 % pertenecía a la carrera de medicina y el 52,9 % al segundo año académico. Predominó la participación en la Residencia Estudiantil y las tareas realizadas con mayor frecuencia fueron la de pantrista y mensajero.Conclusiones: los estudiantes que conformaron las brigadas de los centros de aislamiento trabajaron principalmente en el centro de la Residencia Estudiantil, predominando el sexo femenino. Las tareas realizadas con mayor frecuencia fueron pantrista y mensajero. La carrera de medicina y el segundo año se destacaron por la elevada participación en la tarea de impacto

Propuesta estratégica de mejora en la implementación de los estándares mínimos del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SG-SST) en la Empresa Safe Energy Provisions S.A.S para el primer semestre del 2019

Este trabajo fue analizado mediante una matriz de evaluación inicial que nos permitió verificar el cumplimiento de los Estándares Mínimos requeridos en la Resolución 0312 de 2019, con el fin de implementar un Plan de Mejora en la empresa SAFE ENEGY PROVISIONS frente a los hallazgos evidenciados.This work was analyzed through an initial evaluation matrix that allowed us to verify compliance with the Minimum Standards required in Resolution 0312 of 2019, in order to implement an Improvement Plan in the company SAFE ENEGY PROVISIONS against the evidences

Perspectiva espiritual y afrontamiento ante la muerte en adultos mayores del centro de México

Objective: To analyze the relationship between spiritual perspective and coping with death in elderly people in the center of Guanajuato, Mexico. Methods: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional study, the selection criteria were elderly people aged 60 years and older, attendees of two gerontological centers. Convenience sampling with n=133. The Spiritual Perspective Scale, Bugen's Coping with Death Scale and a sociodemographic data form were used for data collection. Informed consent was signed. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the study variables by Spearman correlation through SPSS version 25. Results: The Spiritual Perspective obtained a mean score of 50.86 and the Bugen scale of 145.65 points. Spearman correlation was performed where r=.375 and p=.000 (p<0.05) were obtained, giving a positive correlation between the study variables. Overall conclusion: A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between spiritual perspective and coping with death. Spirituality has a positive influence on how death is accepted since it is a tool that gives direction to the mourning process, generating feelings of hope, inner renewal and meaning in the elderly; therefore, the greater the spiritual perspective, the better the coping with death.  Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre perspectiva espiritual y afrontamiento ante la muerte en adultos mayores del centro de Guanajuato, México. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, de corte transversal, los criterios de selección fueron adultos mayores de 60 años y más, asistentes de dos centros gerontológicos. Muestreo por conveniencia con n=133. Se utilizó la escala de Perspectiva Espiritual, Escala de Bugen de Afrontamiento ante la Muerte y una cédula de datos sociodemográficos para la colecta de datos. Se firmó consentimiento informado. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, las variables de estudio mediante correlación de Spearman a través del SPSS versión 25. Resultados principales: La perspectiva espiritual obtuvo una puntuación media de 50.86 y la escala de Bugen de 145.65 puntos. Se realizó correlación de Spearman donde se obtuvo r=.375 y p=.000 (p<0.05), dando una correlación positiva entre las variables de estudio. Conclusión principal: Se encontró una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre Perspectiva espiritual y Afrontamiento ante la muerte. La espiritualidad influye de forma positiva en cómo se acepta la muerte ya que es una herramienta que da dirección al proceso de duelo generando sentimientos de esperanza, renovación interior y significado en adultos mayores por lo que a mayor perspectiva espiritual se tiene mejor afrontamiento ante la muerte

Contextos de socialización y consumo de drogas ilegales en adolescentes escolarizados

El objetivo del presente estudio fue contrastar un modelo explicativo del consumo de drogas ilegales en adolescentes escolarizados, considerando variables personales (autoestima académica, autoestima social y sintomatología depresiva), familiares (funcionamiento familiar, comunicación familiar madre y padre), escolares (expectativa académica) y sociales (integración y participación comunitaria). La muestra estuvo conformada por 1.285 adolescentes de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 20 años de edad, procedentes de cuatro centros educativos localizados en Monterrey (México). Se realizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explicó el 20% de la varianza y se exploró el efecto moderador del género. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa y positiva entre el contexto comunitario y el consumo de drogas ilegales a través de la autoestima social, en el caso de los chicos. Igualmente, se encontró una relación indirecta y positiva entre el contexto familiar y el consumo de drogas, a través de la autoestima social, la autoestima escolar y las expectativas académicas. Además, el contexto familiar mostró una relación negativa con las sintomatología depresiva y esta, a su vez, con el consumo de drogas. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test an explanatory model about illegal drug use among schooled adolescents. Different types of variables were used, including personal variables (academic self-esteem, social selfesteem and depressive symptoms), family variables (family functioning, father-mother communication), school variables (academic expectations), and social variables (community integration and participation). A sample of 1,285 adolescents, both males and females, aged between 12 and 20 years old, from four different schools in Monterrey, Mexico, was used. A structural equation model was used, explaining 20% of variance. The moderating effect of gender was explored. Results show a significant positive relationship between community context and illegal drugs use, mediated by social self-esteem only for boys. Likewise, a positive indirect relationship was found between the family context and drug use, mediated by social self-esteem, school self-esteem and academic expectations. Moreover, the family context showed a negative relationship with depressive symptoms, which in turn were related to drug use

Anatomical Variants of Anterior Cerebral Arterial Circle: A Study by Multidetector Computerized 3D Tomographic Angiography

SUMMARY: One of the most common causes of stroke is rupture of aneurysms whose approach requires knowledge of anatomical variants. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anatomical variants of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the anterior communicating artery (AComA) by 3D computed tomography angiography (3D CTA) in Mexican individuals. A retrospective, observational, cross-sectional descriptive study of 283 patients, independent of sex or age, in which morphometric measurements of cerebral vessels were evaluated using contrasted 3D CTA from a period of two years was performed. We found at least one "atypical" variant in a third of the study population (33.93 %). The most common "atypical" variant was the absence of the AComA (14.1 %). A significant association between the hypoplastic variant of the right A1 segment and hypoplasia of the left A1 and the right A2 was found, while hypoplasia of the left A1 was associated with hypoplasia of the right A2. There is a difference in the prevalence of anatomical variants of the ACA-AComA complex in Mexican population in relation to other populations. The typical variant is the most prevalent form in the study population. However, the presence of atypical variants represents an important number that should be taken into account in clinical and surgical procedures. KEY WORDS: Anterior cerebral artery; Anatomical variant; Anterior communicating artery; Cerebral arterial circle; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Cerebral endovascular surgery

A Simple Method to Measure Renal Function in Swine by the Plasma Clearance of Iohexol

There is no simple method to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in swine, an established model for studying renal disease. We developed a protocol to measure GFR in conscious swine by using the plasma clearance of iohexol. We used two groups, test and validation, with eight animals each. Ten milliliters of iohexol (6.47 g) was injected into the marginal auricular vein and blood samples (3 mL) were collected from the orbital sinus at different points after injection. GFR was determined using two models: two-compartment (CL2: all samples) and one-compartment (CL1: the last six samples). In the test group, CL1 overestimated CL2 by ~30%: CL2 = 245 ± 93 and CL1 = 308 ± 123 mL/min. This error was corrected by a first-order polynomial quadratic equation to CL1, which was considered the simplified method: SM = −47.909 + (1.176xCL1) − (0.00063968xCL12). The SM showed narrow limits of agreement with CL2, a concordance correlation of 0.97, and a total deviation index of 14.73%. Similar results were obtained for the validation group. This protocol is reliable, reproducible, can be performed in conscious animals, uses a single dose of the marker, and requires a reduced number of samples, and avoids urine collection. Finally, it presents a significant improvement in animal welfare conditions and handling necessities in experimental trials

Importance of Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-Up in Odontopediatrics

The most common cause of admission to the Pediatric Dentistry service is dental pain, active deafness and an oppressive sensation that is sometimes throbbing and burning. Pharmacotherapy in Pediatric Dentistry must be effective, safe, and rational in neonates, infants, and children. The pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of pediatric patients from Integral Clinic of the Odontopediatric Specialty (CLIO) and Kindergarten Clinic (CLIJANI), Autonomous University of Zacatecas (UAZ) was carried out. Through an observational, exploratory, and cross-sectional study, 23 patients from the Pediatric Dentistry Specialty Clinic (CLIO/UAO/UAZ) and 35 clinical records of patients from CLIJANI, from August 2019-2020, were analyzed. Prior authorization for the patient, an interview, and pharmacotherapeutic follow-up were performed, recording data on the indicated drug, the dose, and the schedule of use. On carrying out the interview on pharmacotherapy with the parents or guardians who accompany the patient, 91.3% of the pediatric patients were not administered pharmacological treatment. It was observed that there is no adequate adherence to the pharmacological treatment in pediatric patients

A Simplified Iohexol-Based Method to Measure Renal Function in Sheep Models of Renal Disease

12 Pág.Sheep are highly adequate models for human renal diseases because of their many similarities in the histology and physiology of kidney and pathogenesis of kidney diseases. However, the lack of a simple method to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) limits its use as a model of renal diseases. Hence, we aimed to develop a simple method to measure GFR based on the plasma clearance of iohexol by assessing different pharmacokinetic models: (a) CL2: two-compartment (samples from 15 to 420 min; reference method); (b) CL1: one-compartment (samples from 60 to 420 min); (c) CLlf: CL1 adjusted by a correction formula and (d) SM: simplified CL2 (15 to 300 min). Specific statistics of agreement were used to test the models against CL2. The agreement between CL1 and CL2 was low, but both CL1f and SM showed excellent agreement with CL2, as indicated by a total deviation index of ~5-6%, a concordance correlation of 0.98-0.99% and a coverage probability of 99-100%, respectively. Hence, the SM approach is preferable due to a reduced number of samples and shorter duration of the procedure; two points that improve animal management and welfare.This research received no external funding.Peer reviewe