The effect of isostatic pressing on the quality indicators of plant products (the example of Lonicera Caerulea L.)

The results of studying quality indicators (organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological) puree from the fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. (blue honeysuckle) before and after pressure treatment are presented. It was found that organoleptic and microbiological indicators meet the requirements established by the standard for these products. The content of organic acids in the puree during processing increases due to an increase in the level of lactic acid as a result of the destruction of sugars. The amount of vitamin C and sugars is reduced slightly. The content of anthocyanins undergoes the greatest changes, the amount of which decreases to a greater extent compared with other studied substance

FEATURES OF THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EDIBLE HONEYSUCKLE FRUITS (LONICERA, CAPRIFOLIACEAE) IN RUSSIA

Background.  The study of the biochemical composition of the fruits of rare and non-traditional berry crops will create a favorable basis for modern breeding work. Purpose. The aim of the work was to biochemically analyze edible fruits of 3 species from the genus Lonicera L. (Caprifoliaceae) for the content of anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids. Material and methods. The object of the study were 13 varieties and 5 selected forms of blue honeysuckle L. caerulea L. (subs. Caeruleae Rehd.), cultivated in Moscow and Belgorod. Two endemic species with edible fruits have also been studied: from Kazakhstan - Ili honeysuckle L. iliensis Pojark. (subsec. Caeruleae) and from Japan slender honeysuckle L. gracilipes Miq. (subsection Purpurascentes Rehd.). The study was conducted in 2020-2023 in the laboratories of All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Moscow) and the Sakhalin branch of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) according to generally accepted methods based on Pharmacopoeia articles of the State Pharmacopoeia (XIV edition). Results. It was found that the fruits of L. caerulea are valuable due to the high content of anthocyanins (870 to mg%) and other biologically active substances. Simultaneously with ascorbic acid (up to 32.3 mg% in Chernichka variety), various bioflavonoids are present in the juice of L.caerulea fruits: rutin, isoquercetin, quercetin, luteolin, diosmin and catechins. These biologically active components mutually enhance the effect of each other, that is, they are synergistic. With a high content of pectins, eating the fruits of edible honeysuckle supports immunity and promotes the elimination of radionuclides from the body. L. iliensis has been introduced in Russia for a long time. A mild and warm climate is favorable for the shrub, it is rarely cultivated. The fruits of L.iliensis are dark blue, rounded, weighing 0.2-0.3 g, sweet and sour taste, without bitterness. In Japan, the fruits of L. gracilipes var. glandulosa Maxim. they are eaten fresh and processed, they are red-purple in color and have a sweet and sour taste. Data on the biochemical composition of edible fruits of rare species in culture L. iliensis and L. gracilipes var. glandulosa, which can be used for breeding purposes. Conclusion. Data were obtained on the biochemical composition of edible fruits of L. caerulea, as well as species rare in cultivation L. iliensis and L. gracilipes var. glandulosa that can be used for breeding purposes

Influence of abiotic factors on sambucus nigra l. Phenorhythmics under central chernozem conditions

This article is the research of the influence of meteorological conditions on the passage of phenophases on the example of black elderberry in the conditions of the Belgorod region. Direct dependence of the developmental phases of black elderberry on the meteorological conditions of the growing season was reveale

Some aspects of obtaining and use of germinated wheat seeds

Investigation results of the influence of sodium chloride solutions and treatment conditions on wheat seeds germination efficiency are presented in the article. An assortment of products with the addition of germinated seeds, their nutritional and caloric values are presente

Сравнительная оценка сортов смородины чёрной в условиях средней подзоны тайги Республики Коми

Relevance. Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) occupies an important place in amateur gardening of the Komi Republic as an economically valuable crop. There is no doubt that it is possible and necessary to develop berry growing in the Komi Republic, to meet the needs of the population in multivitamin products through local production of berries. The purpose of the paper was to study the economically useful traits of varieties cultivated in the North in the conditions of the middle subzone of the taiga. Winter hardiness, phenological phases, productivity, large-fruitedness (berry weight), biochemical composition of berries were analyzed.Methodology. The results of the study of six varieties of black currant in 2020–2022 are presented. Plants are nine to ten years old. The research was carried out according to the "Program and methodology for the study of variety of fruit, berry and nut crops" (1999). Currants are planted in rows according to the scheme 4 x 1.5.Results. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the studied varieties of black currant are promising for cultivation in the middle subzone of the taiga. In all studied varieties, vegetation was observed in the second-third decade of April. The beginning of flowering was observed in the middle of the second – the end of the third decade of May, 25–39 days after the beginning of the growing season. The beginning of fruit ripening was noted in the first-second decades of July, 48-52 days after the start of the flowering. Mass ripening of berries was noted in the middle of the second – the end of the third decade of July, and the middle of the second-first decade of August for “Lazy” variety. During the study period, the vegetation of black currant ended in the second decade of October, with the onset of temperatures below 5°C. The duration of the vegetation period over the years of research was above the norm and equaled 169-185 days. The productivity of black currant varieties was 1.16-1.79 kg per bush. All varieties are characterized by large fruits (berries) weighing 1.02-1.66 g. A biochemical analysis of frozen berries of blackcurrant varieties for 2021-2022 was carried out regarding the content of ascorbic acid, sugars, acidity, solids. The maximum content of ascorbic acid was noted in “Vologda” variety – 97.68 mg%. The highest sugar-acid index was in “Bagira” variety – 3.5. All the varieties have a high content of dry matter in berries: 18.04-20.38%. Overall, the varieties of black currant under study suit for cultivation in the middle subzone of the taiga.Актуальность. Смородина чёрная (Ribes nigrum L.) занимает важное место в любительском садоводстве Республики Коми как хозяйственно ценная культура. Не вызывает сомнения возможность и необходимость развития ягодоводства в Республике Коми, обеспечения потребностей населения в поливитаминной продукции за счет местного производства ягод. Цель исследования – выявление хозяйственно полезных признаков сортов смородины чёрной при культивировании на Севере в условиях средней подзоны тайги. Проанализированы зимостойкость, фенологические фазы, продуктивность, крупноплодность (масса ягоды) и биохимический состав ягод.Методика. Представлены результаты изучения шести сортов смородины чёрной в 2020–2022 годах. Возраст растений составляет девять-десять лет. Исследования проводили в соответствии с «Программой и методикой сортоизучения плодовых, ягодных и орехоплодных культур» (1999). В частности, кусты смородины были высажены в ряды по схеме 4 х 1,5 м.Результаты. В результате исследований было выявлено, что изучаемые сорта смородины чёрной являются перспективными для выращивания в средней подзоне тайги. У всех изучаемых сортов вегетация смородины чёрной в период изучения отмечалась во второй – третьей декаде апреля. Начало цветения наблюдалось в середине второй – конце третьей декады мая, через 25–39 дней после начала вегетации. Начало созревания плодов отмечено в первой – второй декадах июля, через 48–52 дня после начала цветения. Массовое созревание ягод отмечено в середине второй – конце третьей декады июля, первой декаде августа для среднепозднего сорта Лентяй. В период изучения вегетация смородины чёрной закончилась во второй декаде октября, с наступлением температур ниже 5оС. Продолжительность вегетационного периода за годы исследований была выше нормы и равнялась 16 –185 дней. Продуктивность сортов смородины чёрной составила 1,1–1,79 кг с куста. Все сорта характеризуются крупными плодами (ягодами) массой 1,02–1,66 граммов. Был проведен биохимический анализ замороженных ягод сортов смородины чёрной за 2021-2022 годы на содержание аскорбиновой кислоты, сахаров, кислотности, сухих веществ. Установлено, что сорт Вологда имеет максимальное содержание аскорбиновой кислоты (97,68 мг%). Наиболее высокий сахарокислотный индекс – у сорта Багира (3,5). У всех сортов отмечено большое содержание сухого вещества в ягодах: 18,04–20,38%. Сделан вывод, что изучаемые сорта смородины чёрной являются перспективными для выращивания в средней подзоне тайги

Antioxidants of Belgorod State University Botanical Garden Plants: Ribes Aureum Fruits Anthocyanins

According to the results of the study, it was found that currant berries of this species contain four main anthocyanins: delfinidin-3-glucoside, delfinidin-3-rutinroside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinosid

Plant Fruits Anthocyanins of the Belgorod Region

In this paper the results of investigations of Belgorod flora Rosaceae plants fruits anthocyanins were summarized as well as the evaluation of anthocyanins content in the fruits currently available in the Belgorod market (RF) was presente

STRUCTURE AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF QUINCE FRUITS (CYDONIA OBLONGA MILL.) FOR BREEDING CULTIVATED IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MOSCOW REGION

In accordance with the policy of the Russian Federation, which, on the one side, is aimed at maintaining health and increasing the life expectancy of the country's population, and, on the other side, at import substitution, the maximum use of the food potential of domestic plants is required. One such plant is the quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.). The range of wild quince is concentrated only on the Western and Southern coasts of the Caspian Sea. The aim of this work is to study the fruits of quince, cultivated in the conditions of the Moscow region and establishing the possibility of using it in breeding. The structure, morphometric and biochemical characteristics of quinces fruits, growing in the Moscow region, have been studied. It is shown that quince fruit well in the conditions of the Moscow region. Quinces fruits, ripen in the conditions of the Moscow region, have a typical morphologo-anatomical structure, the content of absolutely dry matter comparable with cultural forms, as well as a high content of ascorbic acid. The increased content of ascorbic acid in the fruits of quince plants, resistant to the conditions of the Moscow region, allows us to recommend them for use in breeding, to obtain high-vitamin cultivars. Nutritional use of fruits of quince can be non-waste, because both pericarp and seeds are rich in biologically active substances; there is a possibility of additional extraction of oils from oilcake after using the fruit pulp. Under the conditions of import substitution, the competitiveness and economic benefits from the use in the food industry of significantly smaller fruits of the quince, introduced in the northern regions, compared to imported fruits have been presuppose

Development and analysis of fruit beverages with antioxidant properties

This article presents an improved technology for the production of fruit beverages that does not use primary deep heat treatment of raw materials. The obtained beverages were analyzed regarding several physical indicators, content in compounds that possess antioxidant properties and a sensorial assessmen

Environmental safety monitoring of heavy metals accumulation in some species of Sambucus L.

The aim in this work was to monitor heavy metals in plants of elderberry species. The objective of the research was to identify the actual concentrations of heavy metals in the fruits and leaves of the studied elderberry species. The need to determine deviations in the content of heavy metals in various parts of plants arose because the current ecological situation in Belgorod's area requires special attentio