The influence of teacher’s classroom management performed by students of Practice Teaching I and II at CENIUES project with adults, modules I to IV, in the output of their communicative skills in class in their english learning process at the University of El Salvador, semesters I and II – 2018

CENIUES states that its mission is to guarantee children, adolescents and adults the opportunity to learn foreign languages in environmental and decent conditions with a low price, updated methods and contents, modern technology and professionals with a social vision. Furthermore, this Center of languages declared that its vision is to be a leader in Foreign Language Teaching Centers nationwide with the best offer and academic excellence, with affordable fees and social commitment, aimed to the strengthening of the society development for a better system of fair opportunities. Since 2006, the Foreign Languages Department and the educational centre “CENIUES” made an agreement in order to help each other. The purpose of this project was to involve students of the subject “practice teaching”, giving them the opportunity to grow as professionals; on the other hand, help teachers of CENIUES by providing them the necessary teaching assistance with classes

Microaprendizaje para estudiar bioeconomía y economía circular en sistemas agroalimentarios

La bioeconomía y la economía circular son aspectos novedosos que están despertando un creciente interés. A pesar de ello, existen escasos materiales didácticos relacionados con estos conceptos, especialmente en el ámbito agroalimentario. El proyecto BIOCIR (Aprendizaje activo en bioeconomía y economía circular en sistemas agroalimentarios) pretende suplir esa carencia creando contenido audiovisual mediante técnicas microlearning. El proyecto involucra a alumnos de Grado y Máster de 9 asignaturas de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB) en la elaboración vídeos cortos (2-5 minutos) sobre bioeconomía agraria y economía circular con el objetivo de consolidar una nueva fuente de material didáctico atractivo y transversal. Mediante encuestas a alumnos y profesores se evalúan las competencias adquiridas y la utilidad del material didáctico creado

Sistema fotovoltaico multifuncional conectado a la red eléctrica controlado por medio de modos deslizantes

Debido al uso de cargas electrónicas no lineales, la calidad de la energía eléctrica se ha ido deteriorando. Con el creciente uso de fuentes renovables de energía interconectadas a la red eléctrica es posible integrar la función de los filtros activos de potencia a los sistemas fotovoltaicos (PV, por sus siglas en inglés) conectados a la red, modificando el control del convertidor. Debido a lo antes mencionado en este trabajo se propone el uso de un sistema PV controlado por medio de modos deslizantes, con una superficie deslizante capaz de inyectar tanto potencia activa como reactiva para eliminar los armónicos de corriente en el punto de acoplamiento común (PAC) y mantener un factor de potencia elevado aún ante la presencia de cargas no lineales, con la ventaja de una fácil implementación.El sistema es diseñado y simulado, con lo cual se confirma la eficacia del controlador por modos deslizantes propuesto. Además se mencionan las ventajas sobre los inversores PV convencionales.Palabra(s) Clave(s): control por modos deslizantes, inversor fotovoltaico, potencia activa, superficie de deslizamiento

Regioirregular and catalytic Mizoroki-Heck reactions

[EN] The palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reaction between alkenes and aryl halides (the Mizoroki-Heck reaction) is a powerful methodology to construct new carbon-carbon bonds. However, the success of this reaction is in part hampered by an extremely marked regioselectivity on the double bond, which dictates that electron-poor alkenes react exclusively on the beta-carbon. Here, we show that ligand-free, few-atom palladium clusters in solution catalyse the alpha-selective intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck coupling of iodoaryl cinnamates, and mechanistic studies support the formation of a sterically encumbered cinnamate-palladium cluster intermediate. Following this rationale, the alpha-selective intermolecular coupling of aryl iodides with styrenes is also achieved with palladium clusters encapsulated within fine-tuned and sterically restricted zeolite cavities to produce 1,1-bisarylethylenes, which are further engaged with aryl halides by a metal-free photoredox-catalysed coupling. These ligand-free methodologies significantly expand the chemical space of the Mizoroki-Heck coupling.This work was supported by MINECO (Spain, projects CTQ 2017-86735-P, PID2019-105391GB-C22 and MAT2017-82288-C2-1-P, Severo Ochoa programme SEV-2016-0683 and the Juan de la Cierva programme). F.G.-P. and R.G. thank ITQ for the concession of a contract. J.O.-M. acknowledges the Juan de la Cierva programme for the concession of a contract, and R.P.-R. and J.C.-S. thank the Plan GenT programme (CIDEGENT/2018/044) funded by Generalitat Valenciana. HR STEM measurements were performed at DME-UCA in Cadiz University, with financial support from FEDER/MINECO (PID2019-110018GA-I00 and PID2019-107578GA-I00). We acknowledge ALBA Synchrotron for allocating beamtime and CL AE SS beamline staff for their technical support during our experiment.Garnes-Portoles, F.; Greco, R.; Oliver-Meseguer, J.; Castellanos-Soriano, J.; Jiménez Molero, MC.; Lopez-Haro, M.; Hernández-Garrido, JC.... (2021). Regioirregular and catalytic Mizoroki-Heck reactions. Nature Catalysis. 4(4):293-303. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-021-00592-3S2933034

Diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia from a single selectional crosscut at C3 region, using CT scans before radiotherapy

PURPOSE: the main purpose of this study was to diagnose pre-sarcopenia in cancer patients who had lack of computed tomography (CT) abdominal images, with a newly discovered method based on cervical images. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a sample of 37 patients with either lung cancer or a cancer that affected the upper digestive system underwent radiotherapy computed simulation which included measurements at C3 and L3 regions. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) were determined by Hounsfield units and compared in both regions. Pre-sarcopenia was identified according to the cut-points currently established: ≤ 41 cm2/m2 in females, ≤ 43 cm2/m2 in males with a BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2, and ≤ 53 cm2/m2 in males with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. RESULTS: the correlation of SMM and SMI between the C3 and L3 regions was R2 = 0.876 and R2 = 0.805, respectively. Moreover, there was a positive association (86.49%) in terms of the diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia according to both regions. In total, eleven pre-sarcopenic patients (29.37%) were identified; three of them being overweight (27.27%) and two of them being obese (18.18%). CONCLUSION: a single sectional cross at the level of C3 can be used for the diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia. This new method avoids unnecessary irradiation, saves hospital costs and detects malnutrition before starting radiotherapy treatment in cancer patients who have lack of CT abdominal imaging

Measurement of body composition in cancer patients using CT planning scan at the third lumbar vertebra

OBJECTIVE: the main objective was to assess body composition in terms of skeletal muscle index (SMI), myosteatosis, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) as an adjunct of information provided by radiotherapy CT planning scan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a sample of 49 patients with lung and digestive cancers underwent a CT scan for radiotherapy treatment, which included measurements at the L3 region. Images were analyzed with a radiotherapy contouring software, using different Hounsfield Unit (HU) settings. Cross-sectional areas (cm2) were automatically computed by summing tissue pixels and multiplying by pixel surface area. Low SMI (cm2/m2) and muscle density (HU) were determined according to the recently established cut-off points. RESULTS: the prevalence of low SMI was detected in 46.94% of patients, being present in 8 women, 4 men with BMI < 25 kg/m2, and 11 men with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The average mean skeletal attenuation of total skeletal muscle area was 29.02 (± 8.66) HU, and myosteatosis was present in 13 women (81.25%) and 31 men (93.94%). Mean SAT was 131.92 (± 76.80) cm2, mean VAT was 133.19 (± 85.28) cm2, and mean IMAT was 11.29 (± 12.86) cm2. CONCLUSION: skeletal muscle abnormalities are frequently present in cancer patients and a low SMI may also exist even in the presence of overweight. As CT scans are an important tool at any radiation oncology department, they could also be used to offer highly sensitive and specific information about body composition, as well as to detect early malnutrition before starting radiotherapy treatment

Phase angle by electrical bioimpedance is a predictive factor of hospitalisation, falls and mortality in patients with cirrhosis

The phase angle is a versatile measurement to assess body composition, frailty and prognosis in patients with chronic diseases. In cirrhosis, patients often present alterations in body composition that are related to adverse outcomes. The phase angle could be useful to evaluate prognosis in these patients, but data are scarce. The aim was to analyse the prognostic value of the phase angle to predict clinically relevant events such as hospitalisation, falls, and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Outpatients with cirrhosis were consecutively included and the phase angle was determined by electrical bioimpedance. Patients were prospectively followed to determine the incidence of hospitalisations, falls, and mortality. One hundred patients were included. Patients with phase angle¿=¿4.6° (n¿=¿31) showed a higher probability of hospitalisation (35% vs 11%, p¿=¿0.003), falls (41% vs 11%, p¿=¿0.001) and mortality (26% vs 3%, p¿=¿0.001) at 2-year follow-up than patients with PA¿>¿4.6° (n¿=¿69). In the multivariable analysis, the phase angle and MELD-Na were independent predictive factors of hospitalisation and mortality. Phase angle was the only predictive factor for falls. In conclusion, the phase angle showed to be a predictive marker for hospitalisation, falls, and mortality in outpatients with cirrhosis.Postprint (published version

Estudio transversal de medición de la composición corporal en pacientes con cáncer mediante antropometría y técnicas de imagen médica

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to diagnose body composition in cancer patients before starting radiotherapy treatment, by using classic techniques based on anthropometry and biochemical parameters, as well as including new techniques based on computed tomography (TC) images.Material and methods: A sample of 22 patients with cancers that affect the digestive system underwent radiotherapy computed simulation which included measurements at L3 regions. Body composition was determined by using classic anthropometry, biochemical parameters and skeletal muscle mass by using Hounsfield Units (HU).Results: Mean BMI was 65,19 (±12,72) Kg, mean BMI 23,74 (± 5,03) kg/m2, mean average of WL 15,84 (±10,87) %, mean triceps skinfolds 9,73 (± 5,08) mm and mean brachial muscle perimeter 22,81 (± 2,95) cm. In terms of lab analysis, hipoalbumin was present in 63.45% of patients. On the other hand, according to body composition measured by CT scan, patients presented a mean waist circumference 99,06 (±13,38) cm, mean MM 119,41 (±35,54) cm2, and mean SMI 71,50 (±20.57) cm2/m2; being under normal cut points in 13,64% of patients.Conclusion: New techniques based on CT scans could be daily incorporated into clinical practice in cancer patients as an additional information of classic anthropometry and biochemical parameters, being a simple technique to perform, with low cost, reproducible and very reliable in terms of determination of body composition.Introducción: Analizar la composición corporal tanto mediante técnicas antropométricas y parámetros bioquímicos clásicos, como mediante técnicas modernas utilizando tomografía computarizada (TC), en pacientes oncológicos antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia.Metodología: Se analizaron de forma retrospectiva 22 pacientes con diversos tumores del aparato digestivo, que fueron sometidos al TC de planificación antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia, y que disponían de un corte axial en la tercera vértebra lumbar. Para analizar la composición corporal, se determinaron tanto parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos clásicos, como la determinación de la masa muscular mediante Unidades Hounsfield (UH).Resultados: En cuanto a las características antropométricas clásicas, el peso medio fue 65,19 (±12,72) Kg, IMC 23,74 (± 5,03) kg/m2, %pp 15,84 (±10,87) %, PT 9,73 (± 5,08) mm y CMB 22,81 (± 2,95) cm. En cuanto a los parámetros bioquímicos, la hipoalbuminemia estuvo presente en el 63,45% de los casos. Por otro lado, la medición de composición corporal mediante técnicas modernas, determinó un promedio de circunferencia de cintura de 99,06 (±13,38) cm, MM de 119,41 (±35,54) cm2, y la media del IME fue de 71,50 (±20.57) cm2/m2; estando por debajo de la normalidad en el 13,64% de los pacientes.Conclusiones: Las nuevas técnicas por imagen basadas en cortes TC, pueden incluirse en la rutina diaria del paciente oncológico como información adicional a los parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos más clásicos, por ser una técnica sencilla de realizar, con bajo coste, reproducible y muy fiable en cuanto a determinación de composición corporal

Epidemiología básica. Material docente para prácticas en ciencias de la salud

Material docente teórico práctico para apoyar la enseñanza de la epidemiología. Consta de 4 unidades, cada una de ellas con una introducción teórica y unos ejercicios basados en artículos publicados en inglés en revistas científicas

Izaña Atmospheric Research Center. Activity Report 2021-2022

Editors: Emilio Cuevas, Celia Milford and Oksana Tarasova.[EN]The Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), which is part of the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), is a site of excellence in atmospheric science. It manages four observatories in Tenerife including the high altitude Izaña Atmospheric Observatory. The Izaña Atmospheric Observatory was inaugurated in 1916 and since that date has carried out uninterrupted meteorological and climatological observations, contributing towards a unique 100-year record in 2016. This reports are a summary of the many activities at the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center to the broader community. The combination of operational activities, research and development in state-of-the-art measurement techniques, calibration and validation and international cooperation encompass the vision of WMO to provide world leadership in expertise and international cooperation in weather, climate, hydrology and related environmental issues.[ES]El Centro de Investigación Atmosférica de Izaña (CIAI), que forma parte de la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología de España (AEMET), representa un centro de excelencia en ciencias atmosféricas. Gestiona cuatro observatorios en Tenerife, incluido el Observatorio de Izaña de gran altitud, inaugurado en 1916 y que desde entonces ha realizado observaciones meteorológicas y climatológicas ininterrumpidas y se ha convertido en una estación centenaria de la OMM. Estos informes resumen las múltiples actividades llevadas a cabo por el Centro de Investigación Atmosférica de Izaña. El liderazgo del Centro en materia de investigación y desarrollo con respecto a las técnicas de medición, calibración y validación de última generación, así como la cooperación internacional, le han otorgado una reputación sobresaliente en lo que se refiere al tiempo, el clima, la hidrología y otros temas ambientales afines