9,761 research outputs found
Higgs alignment from extended supersymmetry
We consider the effective type-II Two-Higgs doublet model originating from
Dirac gaugino models with extended supersymmetry in the gauge sector, which is
automatically aligned in the simplest realisations. We show that raising the
scale at which the extended supersymmetry is manifest and including quantum
corrections actually improves the alignment. Using an effective field theory
approach including new threshold corrections and two-loop RGEs, plus two-loop
corrections to the Higgs mass in the low-energy theory, we study the
implications from the Higgs mass and other experimental constraints on the
scale of superpartners. We contrast the results of the minimal Dirac gaugino
model, where alignment is automatic, with the hMSSM and the MRSSM, where it is
not, also providing an hMSSM-inspired analysis for the new models.Comment: 37 pages, 13 figures. References added. Published versio
Probing the Upper Limit of Nonclassical Rotational Inertia
We study the effect of confinement on solid 4-He's nonclassical rotational
inertia (NCRI) in a torsional oscillator by constraining it to narrow annular
cells of various widths. The NCRI exhibits a broad maximum value of 20% for
annuli of approximately 100 micrometer width. Samples constrained to porous
media or to larger geometries both have smaller NCRI, mostly below about 1%. In
addition, we extend Kim and Chan's blocked annulus experiment to solid samples
with large supersolid fractions. Blocking the annulus suppresses the
nonclassical decoupling from 17.1% below the limit of our detection of 0.8%.
This result demonstrates the nonlocal nature of the supersolid phenomena. At 20
mK, NCRI depends on velocity history showing a closed hysteresis loop in
different thin annular cells.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Evidence for Partial Taylor Relaxation from Changes in Magnetic Geometry and Energy during a Solar Flare
Solar flares are powered by energy stored in the coronal magnetic field, a
portion of which is released when the field reconfigures into a lower energy
state. Investigation of sunspot magnetic field topology during flare activity
is useful to improve our understanding of flaring processes. Here we
investigate the deviation of the non-linear field configuration from that of
the linear and potential configurations, and study the free energy available
leading up to and after a flare. The evolution of the magnetic field in NOAA
region 10953 was examined using data from Hinode/SOT-SP, over a period of 12
hours leading up to and after a GOES B1.0 flare. Previous work on this region
found pre- and post-flare changes in photospheric vector magnetic field
parameters of flux elements outside the primary sunspot. 3D geometry was thus
investigated using potential, linear force-free, and non-linear force-free
field extrapolations in order to fully understand the evolution of the field
lines. Traced field line geometrical and footpoint orientation differences show
that the field does not completely relax to a fully potential or linear
force-free state after the flare. Magnetic and free magnetic energies increase
significantly ~ 6.5-2.5 hours before the flare by ~ 10^31 erg. After the flare,
the non-linear force-free magnetic energy and free magnetic energies decrease
but do not return to pre-flare 'quiet' values. The post-flare non-linear
force-free field configuration is closer (but not equal) to that of the linear
force-free field configuration than a potential one. However, the small degree
of similarity suggests that partial Taylor relaxation has occurred over a time
scale of ~ 3-4 hours.Comment: Accepted for Publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 11 pages, 11
figure
Sensitivity analysis of a branching process evolving on a network with application in epidemiology
We perform an analytical sensitivity analysis for a model of a
continuous-time branching process evolving on a fixed network. This allows us
to determine the relative importance of the model parameters to the growth of
the population on the network. We then apply our results to the early stages of
an influenza-like epidemic spreading among a set of cities connected by air
routes in the United States. We also consider vaccination and analyze the
sensitivity of the total size of the epidemic with respect to the fraction of
vaccinated people. Our analysis shows that the epidemic growth is more
sensitive with respect to transmission rates within cities than travel rates
between cities. More generally, we highlight the fact that branching processes
offer a powerful stochastic modeling tool with analytical formulas for
sensitivity which are easy to use in practice.Comment: 17 pages (30 with SI), Journal of Complex Networks, Feb 201
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