The theoretical input-output system with flexible technological coefficients based on the two-stage level CES-type production function

An economy is a complex organizational system. In such an economic system, the various economic factors (behaviors) have influences on or are affected by the economic phenomena through causal interactions of the price-resource mechanism. In other words, the economic phenomena vary in response to the various economic behaviors, and vice versa. They are interdependent in an economic system;Under such an interdependent economic system, a method of systematically analyzing the interrelationships among the economic behaviors is the input-output analysis (system). The system of input-output analysis was first developed by W. W. Leontief on the bases of both Quesnay\u27s Tableau Economique idea (scheme) and Walras\u27s general equilibrium framework. And the Leontief input-output system has been utilized by many economists since Leontief\u27s development of it;However, such an input-output system has the following characteristics. First, it uses the most rigid type of production function--the so called Marx-Leontief production function. Second, as a result of it, it utilizes the fixed (or constant) input-output coefficients which cannot reflect the factor substitution effects occurring in the production processes in prices and outputs;The purpose of this study thus develops the theoretical input-output system with flexible technological coefficients based on the two-stage level CES-type production function which can reflect the effects of factor substitution, technology improvement, and relative price in an economy. In addition, on the basis of that theoretical input-output system, the economic effects of the change in the exogenous economic variable such as the world (international) market prices of the imported materials (e.g., oil) on the prices of outputs, the equilibrium outputs, and the domestic resource allocations in a small importing country

High H2 Storage of Hexagonal Metal−Organic Frameworks from First-Principles-Based Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations

Stimulated by the recent report by Yaghi and co-workers of hexagonal metal−organic frameworks (MOF) exhibiting reversible binding of up to 7.5 wt % at 77 K and 70 bar for MOF-177 (called here IRMOF-2-24), we have predicted additional trigonal organic linkers, including IRMOF-2-60, which we calculate to bind 9.7 wt % H2 storage at 77 K and 70 bar, the highest known value for 77 K. These calculations are based on grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations using force fields that match accurate quantum mechanical calculations on the binding of H2 to prototypical systems. These calculations were validated by comparison to the experimental loading curve for IRMOF-2-24 at 77K. We then used the theory to predict the effect of doping Li into the hexagonal MOFs, which leads to substantial H2 density even at ambient temperatures. For example, IRMOF-2-96-Li leads to 6.0 wt % H2 storage at 273 K and 100 bar, the first material to attain the 2010 DOE target