Productivity Effects of TVE Privatization: The Case Study of Garment and Metal Casting Enterprises in the Greater Yangtze River Region

While it is by now well known that the privatization of township- and village-run enterprises (TVREs) has been rapidly and widely taking place in China, it is much less known whether and to what extent privatization has improved resource allocation and productivity. As a first step toward the fuller understanding of the effect of privatization, this study undertakes case studies of garment and casting enterprises in the Greater Yantgze River Region, where TVREs led miraculous economic growth in the 1980s. Our empirical results indicate that productivity was significantly enhanced by the recent privatization with time lag of a few years.

A cluster-based industrial development policy for low-income countries

The need to construct an effective strategy for industrial development in low-income countries has been largely ignored by development economists because industrial policies have failed in many developing countries. This does not imply, however, that industrial development cannot be promoted. This paper attempts to synthesize the conventional wisdom in development economics with recent advancements in various fields of economics (such as theories of endogenous growth and agglomeration economies) to provide a useful framework to design a strategy for industrial development, which consists of investments in managerial human capital followed by the provision of credit and the construction of industrial zones.Economic Theory&Research,Labor Policies,ICT Policy and Strategies,Access to Finance,Political Economy

Target cells of human adenovirus type 12 in subtentorial brain tissue of newborn mice. I. Cyto-histomorphologic and immunofluorescent microscopic studies In vivo

Human adenovirus type 12 (Ad 12) was inoculated through subtentorial route into inbred newborn mice (C3H/BifB/Ki), and sequential changes of the brain and tumor induction were examined by histological and immunofluorescent methods. Two days after virus inoculation, Ad 12 specific tumor antigen (fluorescent T-antigen) appeared in the cells of ependymal and subventricular matrix layers, choroid plexuses and leptomeninges in the subtentorial as well as the supratentorial brains. After 10 days, these fluorescent positive cells decreased gradually in number but still remained focally beneath the ependyma. Sixty days later, early tumor nodules were detected in the same regions in which remained the fluorescent cells. After 107 days, neurological signs and well-developed tumors were noted in 25 of 63 (30.1%) mice examined. In the cerebellum, both of T-antigens and tumors were limited around the IVth ventricle, but not in the granular layers. Histomorphologically, the tumors were of primitive neuroectodermal origin and consisted of the cells resembling immature matrix cells in the subventricular zone. These findings strongly suggest that the virus has a selective affinity to the remaining matrix cells, but not to cerebellar granular cells, at least, in newborn mice.</p

How Could We Prevent the Threatening of Falls to the Elderly?

Falls among the elderly population can have serious and potentially life-threatening consequences. To prevent such incidents, a multi-faceted approach must be implemented within the healthcare system. Firstly, healthcare providers should conduct routine screenings for fall risk factors, such as muscle weakness and balance issues, during regular check-ups. Additionally, implementing regular exercise programs that focus on improving strength and balance can help reduce the likelihood of falls. Assessing and modifying the home environment to remove potential hazards, such as uneven flooring or inadequate lighting, is also crucial in preventing falls. Furthermore, educating both the elderly individuals and their caregivers about fall prevention strategies is essential. By combining these efforts with proper medication management and regular vision checks, we can effectively decrease the threat of falls among the elderly population and improve their overall quality of life

How can micro and small enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa become more productive? the impacts of experimental basic managerial training

The vast majority of micro and small enterprises in developing countries are located in industrial clusters, and the majority of such clusters have yet to see their growth take off. The performance of micro and small enterprise clusters is especially low in Sub-Saharan Africa. While existing studies often attribute the poor performance to factors outside firms, problems within firms are seldom scrutinized. Entrepreneurs in these clusters are unfamiliar with standard business practices. Based on a randomized experiment in Ghana, this study demonstrates that basic-level management training improves business practices and performance, although the extent of improvement varies considerably among entrepreneurs.Labor Policies,Primary Education,Access&Equity in Basic Education,Education For All,E-Business