PAPR Reduction of OFDM Using Modified Selective Mapping and Clipping Technique

orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is multicarrier technique for high data transmission rate commonly used in 4G communication these days also used in digital video broadcasting (DVB) and many more application when ever high data transmission rate is required. The main problem of OFDM is high Peak-to-average power ratio because OFDM is highly sensitive to non-linear region of high power amplifier. Many more technique has been proposed and implemented to reduce Peak to Average power ratio and bring PAPR to desired level. Most commonly used techniques are partial transmitted sequence, selective mapping, clipping, tone injection and many more. This paper will deal about reduction in Peak- to-average power ratio using modified selective mapping (SLM) and clipping technique to ensure that OFDM system performance is improved

SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS OF VETIVER ZIZANOIDES AND PHRAGMITES KARKA AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES

Objective: To screen the phytochemicals present in extracts of Vetiver zizanoides and Phragmites karka. The antimicrobial potential was also determined against selected clinical isolates. Methods: The antimicrobial potential of extracts from Vetiver zizanoides and Phragmites karka was evaluated by agar well diffusion method against selected clinical isolates. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and TLC-bioautographic method was also performed. Results: Antimicrobial activity of Vetiver zizanoides and Phragmites karka extracts was assessed on nine bacterial and four fungal clinical isolates. The solvent extracts from both the grasses showed maximum activity against S. aureus 1, producing the maximum zone of inhibition 15±0.12 mm in Vetiveria zizanoides ethanol extract and 13±0.09 mm in diethyl ether extract of Phragmites karka. Preliminary phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of most of the phytochemicals including flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, alkaloids and steroids in both methanol and diethyl ether extracts or in any of them. Thin layer chromatography and bioautography assay in Vetiveria zizanoides methanol extracts demonstrated well defined growth inhibition zones against S. aureus 1 in correspondence with flavonoids observed at Rf value ranging from 0.63-0.75. Conclusion: The present study opens future prospects of these plant constituents to be used as potential antimicrobial drug against infectious agents and can be used in treatment of various infectious diseases. Keywords: Agar well diffusion, Clinical isolates, Phragmites karka, Phytochemical analysis, TLC bioautography, Vetiveria zizanoides

Brief Introduction about CVSD (Continuous variable slope Delta Modulation)

CVSD (continuous variable slope delta) modulation is popular effective scheme for companded delta modulation for audio signal. CVSD is best coding technique for improving receiver sensitivity. Here in this paper, we discuss brief introduction about continues variable slope delta modulation codec system and its comparison

METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF RAMIPRIL BY HPLC METHOD

Objective: The Objective of present work is method development and validation of HPLC method for the quantitation of Ramipril in Fast dissolving tablet (FDT).Methods: A stable, linear, rapid, accurate and selective HPLC method has been developed for the quantification of Ramipril in FDT using buffer and acetonitrile: methanol (60:40 v/v) ratio in combination as mobile phase and at the flow rate of 1 ml/minute at λmax 210 nm. Chromatographic separation was performed on Shimadzu SPD-20A, SD-M10 AVP-Shimadzu, an ODS C-18 Kromacil (250 mm × 4.60 mm) column used as stationary phase. The quantitation of Ramipril done by HPLC, parameters studied were retention time, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit and stability.Results: Linear regression analysis data show a good linear relationship between response and concentration in the range of 5-30 µg/ml; detection carried out at λmax210 nm; the linear regression equation for Ramipril was Y=10327x+72877; R²=0.998. The retention time of the Ramipril was 2.910 min. Percent recoveries obtained for Ramipril was 99.58-100.15%. LOD and LOQ value was 0.802µg/ml and 1.4µg/ml for Ramipril respectively.Conclusion: The result suggested that proposed method gives good peak resolution of Ramipril within short analysis time (<10 min) and high percentages of the recovery shown that method is free from interference of excipient present in the formulation. The % RSD of each parameter lies below the limit of 2%, proven the suitability. The statistical analysis proved that the proposed method is precise, accurate, selective and rapid for the HPLC estimation of Ramipril.Keywords: Fast dissolving tablet, Ramipril, Accuracy, HPLC, Linearit

FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF RAMIPRIL

Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare fast dissolving tablet of Ramipril by using Sodium starch glycolate, and Crospovidone as superdisintegrants to enhance the dissolution rate and the disintegration rate and evaluated for Pre and Post Compression parameter of the tablet.Methods: Fast dissolving tablet of Ramipril was prepared by direct compression technique. Fast dissolving tablet was evaluated for Pre compression parameter; bulk density, tapped density, Hausner's ratio, angle of repose and Carr's index and post compression parameter; weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration time and dissolution time. The UV-spectrophotometric method has been used for the quantitation of drug release of Ramipril in the Fast dissolving tablet formulation.Results: Pre and post compression parameter were evaluated. Five different batches of tablets, F1 to F5 were prepared. Bulk density and tapped density was found in the range of 0.64-0.85 g/cm3 and 0.68-0.98 g/cm3 simultaneously. The hardness, friability, wetting time, the water absorption ratio, disintegration and dissolution time were found to be acceptable according to the standard limit and compare to all formulations F4 formulation was selected as the promising formulation. All batches of fast dissolving tablet were satisfactory in term of dissolution. The cumulative percentage of drug release of F4 formulation was 90.12% after 12 min compare to other formulation.Conclusion: The result suggested that the dissolution and disintegration of Ramipril have improved considerably in batch F4 formulation as compared to rest of the formulation. The dissolution rate and dissolution rate of Ramipril can be enhanced to a great extent by the direct compression technique with the addition of superdisintegrants

From symptomology to resilience: Case illustrations of recovery from OCD using CBT

Over the years, many researchers have studied outcomes of mental illness through deficit-based approaches such as vulnerability, suffering, and symptoms among individuals diagnosed with mental illness. Such an approach, though useful in the clinical area has failed to adequately explore positive adaptation among such individuals. The present study is a strength-based approach that aims to address this gap in literature by investigating how individuals despite the diagnosis of OCD, can display resilience and positive outcomes by leading a productive life. Resilience was explored by analyzing life experiences of two OCD patients who received Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) sessions. Resilience, challenges, and protective factors were examined using a semi-structured interview and Connor-Davidson’s Resilience Scale-10 after CBT sessions. Both participants displayed resilience through unique coping mechanisms derived from internal and external protective factors that helped them to overcome the symptoms of OCD and other challenges faced in day-to-day living. Resilience was exhibited through adaptation and improved life outcomes. Case study approaches may be useful in understanding unique resilience mechanisms in a variety of contexts, which are otherwise difficult to identify through large-scale surveys. Further, a discussion on future implications provides crucial insights for mental health professionals. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SYZYGIUM CARYOPHYLLATUM ESSENTIAL OIL

Objective: To investigate the phytochemical constituents, TLC bioautography and antioxidants of Syzygium caryophyllatum essential oil. The antimicrobial potential was also determined against various multi drug resistant clinical isolates. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed. The antimicrobial potential of essential oil from Syzygium caryophyllatum was evaluated by agar well diffusion method against multi drug resistant clinical isolates. The antibacterial effect was investigated using the TLC-bioautographic method. The antioxidants analyzed include catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase. Results: Phytoconstituents analysis demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavanoids, steroids, saponins and tannins. Syzygium caryophyllatum oil was further investigated for its antimicrobial activity against twelve Multi drug resistant pathogenic bacteria and four fungi respectively. The highest in vitro inhibitory activity was observed for klebsiella sp.3 with wide inhibition zone diameters (22±0.07 mm) followed by klebsiella sp.2 (17±0.12 mm) and S. aureus 2 (13±0.11 mm). Among fungal isolates, inhibitory activity was observed for Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp and Rhizopus nigricans. Thin layer chromatography bioautography demonstrated one large inhibitory zone with Rf value of 0.91 against the growth of isolate Klebsiella sp. 3. The oil was found to be rich in antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Syzygium caryophyllatum oil can be used as a potential source of natural antimicrobial compound possessing strong antioxidant potential. Key words: Syzygium caryophyllatum, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, antioxidant potential, agar well diffusion, TLC BioautographyÂ

One-pot synthesis of a polyaniline-gold nanocomposite and its enhanced electrochemical properties for biosensing applications

One pot synthesis of a polyaniline-gold (PANI-Au) nanocomposite has been conducted using a chemical route in the presence of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid. This PANI-Au nanocomposite was electrophoretically deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates and the electrochemical kinetics were compared with chronopotentiometrically deposited PANI-Au (in the presence of HCl) composite. The electrochemical results indicate that the composite prepared by the chemical route exhibits an enhanced electron transfer coefficient (alpha) of 0.92 and charge transfer rate constant (k(s)) of 0.0848 s(-1) as compared to the film deposited using the chronopotentiometric technique (alpha = 0.85 and k(s) = 0.0368 s(-1)). These fabricated matrices have been further utilized as biosensing platforms for the detection of sexually transmitted disease. The PANI-Au based genosensor has demonstrated enhanced sensitivity (10(-16) M; linear range from 10(-6) to 10(-16) M) with a response time of 60 s and shows excellent specificity over other bacterial pathogens. The results of these studies help in understanding the method of synthesis on the electrochemical as well as catalytic properties of the composite and its potential for a wide range of biomedical applications

A Survey on Web Usage Mining

ABSTRACT- Web data is expanding day by day; Extraction of useful knowledge from WWW data is considered as web mining. It is mainly concerned with 3 types, about the content (content content mining), how should be the structure (structure mining), how and where and how much usage of web data (usage mining) has to be done. Web usage sage mining has many emerging implications as network etwork traffic control and flow analysis, adaptive website te management, personalization, creation of adaptive websites etc. In this paper we introduces a review of web usage mining techniques and its benefits

A comparative study of planning and dosimetry in locally advanced head-and-neck cancer: sequential versus simultaneous integrated boost methods in intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Objective: A head-and-neck cancer (HNC) comprises one-third load of India's cancer burden. We aim to compare the target coverage and the normal tissue sparing between sequential intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and simultaneously integrated boost (SIB)-IMRT plan for patients of locally advanced HNCs. We evaluate dosimetric parameters of two plans for a single patient and compare target coverage and conformity index (C. I.) and also assess the differences in dose received by organs at risk (OAR) by two plans. Materials and Methods: After recording the detailed history, performing a thorough clinical examination and the relevant investigations, the patients who were staged as locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx, hypopharynx, and supraglottic regions were chosen for the study. An informed consent was taken before enrolling them in study. Results: A total of 30 patients were enrolled in the study. Three patients were female, whereas the remaining 27 were male. Of the 30 patients 19 patients (63.34%) had oropharyngeal disease and 11 had hypopharyngeal disease (36.66%). The present study reported that 24 patients had moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, two patients had well differentiated tumor, and in four patients, it was poorly differentiated carcinoma. The minimum dose, maximum dose, and the mean dose volumes of planning target volume (PTV) 1 and PTV2 which were designated as D100, Dmax and Dmean, respectively, were analyzed by both SIB and SEQ-B IMRT plans. The C. I. was derived by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 90-05 (34). The C. I. for PTV1 and PTV2 by SEQ-B and SIB IMRT plans was 0.96 versus 0.95 and 0.97 versus 0.95, respectively. The mean maximum dose to brain stem was 4230.02 cGy with SEQ-B and 4305.52 cGy with SIB plan. On analyzing the mean maximum dose received by mandible, a statistically significant sparing was seen with SIB technique. Conclusion: In the present study, as no significant difference was observed in OAR sparing except mandible in both the plans. Hence, in view of the results and comparative studies, both the plans are clinically acceptable, although taking into account the tumor coverage, the sequential boost IMRT plan arm gave better results