13,711 research outputs found
Multi-party quantum key agreement protocol with authentication
Utilizing the advantage of quantum entanglement swapping, a multi-party
quantum key agreement protocol with authentication is proposed. In this
protocol, a semi-trusted third party is introduced, who prepares Bell states,
and sends one particle to multiple participants respectively. After that the
participants can share a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state by entanglement
swapping. Finally, these participants measure the particles in their hands and
obtain an agreement key. Here, classical hash function and Hadamard operation
are utilized to authenticate the identity of participants. The correlations of
GHZ states ensure the security of the proposed protocol. To illustrated it
detailly, the security of this protocol against common attacks is analyzed,
which shows that the proposed protocol is secure in theory
Nexus between green financing, economic risk, political risk and environment: evidence from China
This study provides fresh evidence regarding the dynamic association that is believed to exist in relation to green finance (GF),
economic growth (GDP), political risk (PR), economic risk (ER), and
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. It therefore uses the dataset pertaining to China from most recent time-series – covering the
period spanning from the years of 1990 to 2020, by employing
the Morlet Wavelet Analysis technique. The empirical findings of
the wavelet power spectrum reveal that green finance GF and ER
are vulnerable in the short- and long-run, and the short-run,
respectively. At the same time, no vulnerability has been
observed in the GDP, PR, and CO2 emissions. In addition to this,
the wavelet coherence also reveals the bidirectional causal association that exists between GF-CO2 and ER-CO2, but only in the
short run. It must also be taken into consideration that the causal
influence of CO2 is deemed to be greater than the GF and ER,
respectively. Besides this, a bidirectional causal nexus also exists
between the GDP and CO2 emissions, only in the long run.
Furthermore, the association between the economic growths follows both the phase and antiphase associations. Moreover, the
study also reveals that there is no significant causal link between
the PR and CO2 emissions. The results emphasize that the significance of green finance investment will tend to increase with strict
policy implications, stabilization or minimization of economic risk
and political risk. The same will also take place while promoting
environmentally friendly production via economic growth, so as
to reduce CO2 emission in the region taken into account
Fine structure characterization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles for decontamination of nitrites and nitrates in wastewater and groundwater
The main objectives of the present study were to investigate the chemical reduction of nitrate or nitrite species by zero-valent iron nanoparticle (ZVIN) in aqueous solution and related reaction kinetics or mechanisms using fine structure characterization. This work also exemplifies the utilization of field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to reveal the speciation and possible reaction pathway in a very complex adsorption and redox reaction process. Experimentally, ZVIN of this study was prepared by sodium borohydride reduction method at room temperature and ambient pressure. The morphology of as-synthesized ZVIN shows that the nearly ball and ultrafine particles ranged of 20-50 nm were observed with FE-SEM or TEM analysis. The kinetic model of nitrites or nitrates reductive reaction by ZVIN is proposed as a pseudo first-order kinetic equation. The nitrite and nitrate removal efficiencies using ZVIN were found 65-83% and 51-68%, respectively, based on three different initial concentrations. Based on the XRD pattern analyses, it is found that the quantitative relationship between nitrite and Fe(III) or Fe(II) is similar to the one between nitrate and Fe( III) in the ZVIN study. The possible reason is due to the faster nitrite reduction by ZVIN. In fact, the occurrence of the relative faster nitrite reductive reaction suggested that the passivation of the ZVIN have a significant contribution to iron corrosion. The extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) or x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra show that the nitrites or nitrates reduce to N-2 or NH3 while oxidizing the ZVIN to Fe2O3 or Fe3O4 electrochemically. It is also very clear that decontamination of nitrate or nitrite species in groundwater via the in-situ remediation with a ZVIN permeable reactive barrier would be environmentally attractive
GROUND REACTION FORCE ANALYSIS OF SOFTBALL WINDMILL PITCH
INTRODUCTION: The lower extremity provides supports when we exercise. The roles what lower extremity plays should be clarified during pitching. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to observe the ground reaction force during a windmill pitcher pitching straight ball and rise ball
Evaluation of microstructure variation of TC11 alloy after electroshocking treatment
Electro-shocking treatment (EST) has been investigated as a pathway to optimise the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloys. The thermal conditions introduced by EST resulted in a phase transformation from α to β. The fraction of β phase decreased from 25.27% to 19.47% after EST for 0.02 s, which was possibly caused by the recrystallization of α phase. The application of EST for 0.04 s resulted in an increase in volume fraction of the β phase to 26.95%. The energy introduced by EST resulted in changes to the direction and intensity of texture within the microstructure with the texture intensity of the α phase increasing from 4.94 to 8.52, and that of β both increased from 3.35 to 9.88 after 0.04 s EST. © 2020 The Authors
Step-by-step covalent modification of Cr-templated Anderson-type polyoxometalates
A series of tripodal alcohols substituted Anderson-type polyoxometalates (POMs) including mono-substituted (compounds 1 and 2), asymmetrical bi-substituted (compound 3), and symmetrical bi-substituted ones (compounds 4 and 5) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using a pre-designed stepby-step strategy, and compounds 1, 2 and 4 have been fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis
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