Semantic segmentation of microscopy images of lower bainite and tempered martensite high-strength steels

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Supreme People\u27s Court Annual Report on Intellectual Property Cases (2015) (China)

The Supreme People’s Court of China began publishing its Annual Report on Intellectual Property Cases in 2008. The annual reports, published in April each year, summarize and review new intellectual property cases. This translation includes all 32 cases and 38 legal issues of the 2015 Annual Report. It addresses various areas of law related to intellectual property, including patent law, trademark law, copyright law, unfair competition law, antitrust law, new plant product patent law, and laws related to procedural and evidentiary issues in intellectual property cases. While China is not a common law country, these cases serve as guidelines for lower courts in adjudicating intellectual property disputes

Supreme People\u27s Court Annual Report on Intellectual Property Cases (2015) (China)

The Supreme People’s Court of China began publishing its Annual Report on Intellectual Property Cases in 2008. The annual reports, published in April each year, summarize and review new intellectual property cases. This translation includes all 32 cases and 38 legal issues of the 2015 Annual Report. It addresses various areas of law related to intellectual property, including patent law, trademark law, copyright law, unfair competition law, antitrust law, new plant product patent law, and laws related to procedural and evidentiary issues in intellectual property cases. While China is not a common law country, these cases serve as guidelines for lower courts in adjudicating intellectual property disputes

Evaluación comparativa de los regímenes de precipitaciones y de caudales en los principales ríos de las cuencas de los ríos Tajo Alto y Guadarrama en el periodo 1945-2005

En este estudio se lleva a cabo evaluación comparativa de los regimenes de precipitaciones y de caudales en de las cuencas de los ríos Tajo Alto y Guadarrama en el período 1945-2005. Para ello, se utilizan MOPREDAS (Monthly Precipitation Database of Spain) para delimitar las principales cuencas y subcuencas, la prueba de tendencia de Mann-Kendall para analizar los cambios en la serie hidrológica y el Coeficiente de Hurst para predecir las tendencias futura de los recursos hídricos. Se proceden a hacer la prueba de Pettitt a los datos de caudales para encontrar el punto de tiempo de mutación. Y se hacen análisis de regresión lineal de la precipitación y el caudal antes y después del cambio repentino. Los resultados muestran que de 1945 a 2005 las precipitaciones en cada subcuenca de las dos cuencas mostraron una tendencia decreciente y con continuación. En los años con datos registrados, los caudales en cada subcuenca de los dos ríos también mostraron una tendencia decreciente con cambios repentinos y continuará esta tendencia. Pero en las subcuencas 1 y 4 del Tajo y las 1 y 2 del Guadarrama, la tendencia decreciente de la precipitación fue mayor. En la subcuenca 5 del Tajo, el caudal disminuyó pero la precipitación aumentó. El resto de subcuencas tuvieron una mayor tendencia a la baja en el caudal. Esto indica que el caudal se vio afectada por las actividades humanas.In this study, a comparative evaluation of the rainfall and flow regimes in the basins of the Tajo Alto and Guadarrama rivers is carried out in the period 1945-2005. To do this, MOPREDAS (Monthly Precipitation Database of Spain) are used to delimit the main basins and sub-basins, the Mann-Kendall trend test to analyze changes in the hydrological series and the Hurst Coefficient to predict future trends in water resources. The Pettitt test is performed on the flow data to find the mutation time point. And linear regression analysis of precipitation and flow is done before and after the sudden change. The results show that from 1945 to 2005 the rainfall in each sub-basin of the two basins showed a decreasing trend and with continuation. In the years with recorded data, the flows in each sub-basin of the two rivers also showed a decreasing trend with sudden changes and this trend will continue. But in sub-basins 1 and 4 of the Tajo and 1 and 2 of the Guadarrama, the decreasing trend of precipitation was greater. In sub-basin 5 of the Tagus, flow decreased but precipitation increased. The rest of the sub-basins had a greater downward trend in flow. This indicates that the flow was affected by human activities.Máster Universitario en Restauración de Ecosistemas (M139

Advancing Vision Transformers with Group-Mix Attention

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have been shown to enhance visual recognition through modeling long-range dependencies with multi-head self-attention (MHSA), which is typically formulated as Query-Key-Value computation. However, the attention map generated from the Query and Key captures only token-to-token correlations at one single granularity. In this paper, we argue that self-attention should have a more comprehensive mechanism to capture correlations among tokens and groups (i.e., multiple adjacent tokens) for higher representational capacity. Thereby, we propose Group-Mix Attention (GMA) as an advanced replacement for traditional self-attention, which can simultaneously capture token-to-token, token-to-group, and group-to-group correlations with various group sizes. To this end, GMA splits the Query, Key, and Value into segments uniformly and performs different group aggregations to generate group proxies. The attention map is computed based on the mixtures of tokens and group proxies and used to re-combine the tokens and groups in Value. Based on GMA, we introduce a powerful backbone, namely GroupMixFormer, which achieves state-of-the-art performance in image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation with fewer parameters than existing models. For instance, GroupMixFormer-L (with 70.3M parameters and 384^2 input) attains 86.2% Top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K without external data, while GroupMixFormer-B (with 45.8M parameters) attains 51.2% mIoU on ADE20K

Cdc42 is essential for the polarized movement and adhesion of human dental pulp stem cells

Objective: Stem cell-based tissue repair and regeneration require the regulation of cell migration and adhesion. As a regulator of cell polarization, Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42) plays a basic role at the initial stage of cell migration and adhesion. This study explores the effect of Cdc42 on the polarized migration and adhesion of hDPSCs (human dental pulp stem cells). Design: HDPSCs were isolated from extracted third molars and transfected with siRNA targeted against Cdc42. Scratch wound assays and transwell assays were performed to detect the migration of human dental pulp stem cells. Polarization assays were applied to explore the polarized movement of Golgi bodies and nuclei. Western blot was used to examine the expression of related proteins. Results: The expression of Cdc42 was knocked down by siRNA transfection, which inhibited the migration of hDPSCs in both the scratch wound assays and transwell assays. Meanwhile, the proportion of polarized hDPSCs during migration was also decreased, and the adhesion ability of hDPSCs was downregulated. Western blot demonstrated that these effects were dependent on FAK (focal adhesion kinase), β-catenin and GSK3β (Glycogen synthase kinase-3β). Conclusion Our study demonstrates that Cdc42 plays an essential role during the polarized movement and adhesion of hDPSCs

Enhanced Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation by Bioactive Glass Functionalized Graphene Oxide Substrates

An unmet need in engineered bone regeneration is to develop scaffolds capable of manipulating stem cells osteogenesis. Graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used as a biomaterial for various biomedical applications. However, it remains challenging to functionalize GO as ideal platform for specifically directing stem cell osteogenesis. Herein, we report facile functionalization of GO with dopamine and subsequent bioactive glass (BG) to enhance stem cell adhesion, spreading, and osteogenic differentiation. On the basis of graphene, we obtained dopamine functionalized graphene oxide/bioactive glass (DGO/BG) hybrid scaffolds containing different content of DGO by loading BG nanoparticles on graphene oxide surface using sol-gel method. To enhance the dispersion stability and facilitate subsequent nucleation of BG in GO, firstly, dopamine (DA) was used to modify GO. Then, the modified GO was functionalized with bioactive glass (BG) using sol-gel method. The adhesion, spreading, and osteoinductive effects of DGO/BG scaffold on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were evaluated. DGO/BG hybrid scaffolds with different content of DGO could influence rBMSCs’ behavior. The highest expression level of osteogenic markers suggests that the DGO/BG hybrid scaffolds have great potential or elicit desired bone reparative outcome

The proportion of HIV disclosure to sexual partners among people diagnosed with HIV in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Sexual behavior is one of the main routes of HIV/AIDS spread. HIV disclosure to sexual partners has been confirmed to be an important strategy for HIV/AIDS prevention and control. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to pool proportions and characteristics of HIV disclosure to sexual partners among people diagnosed with HIV in China.Methods: We searched eight databases and extracted the data on HIV disclosure to partners. Heterogeneity of the data was tested with I2. Published bias subjectively and objectively analyzed through the funnel plot and Egger's regression test. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the variation in the proportion by sexual partnership types (unclassified, regular, casual sexual partners), whether being men who have sex with men (MSM), and when to diagnose. The sources of heterogeneity were analyzed. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the stability of the results.Results: Out of 3,698 studies, 44 were included in the review; 11 targeted on MSM. The pooled proportion of HIV disclosure to sexual partners was 65% (95% CI: 56%−75%; 34 studies). Sub-group analyses indicated the proportions of HIV disclosure to regular, casual and unclassified sexual partners were 63% (95% CI: 45%−81%; 31 studies), 20% (95% CI: 8%−33%; nine studies), and 66% (95% CI: 59%−73%; 14 studies), respectively. Fifty-seven percent (95% CI: 45%−69%; three studies) disclosed on the day of diagnosis, 62% (95% CI: 42%−82%; four studies) disclosed within 1 month, and 39% (95% CI: 2%−77%; four studies) disclosed 1 month later. Among MSM, the disclosure to regular male partners, regular female sexual partners, spouses, and casual partner were 47% (95% CI: 29%−65%; six studies), 49% (95% CI: 33%−65%; three studies), 48% (95% CI: 18%−78%; seven studies), and 34% (95% CI: 19%−49%; four studies), respectively.Conclusions: The disclosure prevalence of people diagnosed with HIV to sexual partners still need improving in China, and it varies among partner types, key populations, and time being diagnosed. HIV disclosure strategies and procedures need to be developed more detailed and tailored based on the pain points of disclosure status, so as to ultimately prevent HIV transmission through sexual contact.</p

Towards better caption supervision for object detection

As training high-performance object detectors requires expensive bounding box annotations, recent methods resort to freeavailable image captions. However, detectors trained on caption supervision perform poorly because captions are usually noisy and cannot provide precise location information. To tackle this issue, we present a visual analysis method, which tightly integrates caption supervision with object detection to mutually enhance each other. In particular, object labels are first extracted from captions, which are utilized to train the detectors. Then, the label information from images is fed into caption supervision for further improvement. To effectively loop users into the object detection process, a node-link-based set visualization supported by a multi-type relational co-clustering algorithm is developed to explain the relationships between the extracted labels and the images with detected objects. The co-clustering algorithm clusters labels and images simultaneously by utilizing both their representations and their relationships. Quantitative evaluations and a case study are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed method in improving the performance of object detectors