On Existence of alpha-Core Solutions for Games with Finite or Infinite Players

This gives two existence results of alpha-core solutions by introducing P-open conditions and strong P-open conditions into games without ordered preferences. The existence of alpha-core solutions is obtained for games with infinite-players. Secondly, it provides a short proof of Kajii's (Journal of Economic Theory 56, 194-205, 1992) existence theorem for alpha-core solutions, further, the Kajii's theorem is equivalent to the Browder fixed point theorem. In addition, the obtained existence results can include many typical results for alpha-core solutions and some recent existence results as special cases.Comment: 10 page

Nexus between green financing, economic risk, political risk and environment: evidence from China

This study provides fresh evidence regarding the dynamic association that is believed to exist in relation to green finance (GF), economic growth (GDP), political risk (PR), economic risk (ER), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. It therefore uses the dataset pertaining to China from most recent time-series – covering the period spanning from the years of 1990 to 2020, by employing the Morlet Wavelet Analysis technique. The empirical findings of the wavelet power spectrum reveal that green finance GF and ER are vulnerable in the short- and long-run, and the short-run, respectively. At the same time, no vulnerability has been observed in the GDP, PR, and CO2 emissions. In addition to this, the wavelet coherence also reveals the bidirectional causal association that exists between GF-CO2 and ER-CO2, but only in the short run. It must also be taken into consideration that the causal influence of CO2 is deemed to be greater than the GF and ER, respectively. Besides this, a bidirectional causal nexus also exists between the GDP and CO2 emissions, only in the long run. Furthermore, the association between the economic growths follows both the phase and antiphase associations. Moreover, the study also reveals that there is no significant causal link between the PR and CO2 emissions. The results emphasize that the significance of green finance investment will tend to increase with strict policy implications, stabilization or minimization of economic risk and political risk. The same will also take place while promoting environmentally friendly production via economic growth, so as to reduce CO2 emission in the region taken into account

Concurrence-Aware Long Short-Term Sub-Memories for Person-Person Action Recognition

Recently, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has become a popular choice to model individual dynamics for single-person action recognition due to its ability of modeling the temporal information in various ranges of dynamic contexts. However, existing RNN models only focus on capturing the temporal dynamics of the person-person interactions by naively combining the activity dynamics of individuals or modeling them as a whole. This neglects the inter-related dynamics of how person-person interactions change over time. To this end, we propose a novel Concurrence-Aware Long Short-Term Sub-Memories (Co-LSTSM) to model the long-term inter-related dynamics between two interacting people on the bounding boxes covering people. Specifically, for each frame, two sub-memory units store individual motion information, while a concurrent LSTM unit selectively integrates and stores inter-related motion information between interacting people from these two sub-memory units via a new co-memory cell. Experimental results on the BIT and UT datasets show the superiority of Co-LSTSM compared with the state-of-the-art methods

Calculation of the Energy Loss for Tip Leakage Flow in Turbines

AbstractA commercial N-S solver has been employed for simulation and investigation of the unsteady flow field inside the tip clearance of a turbine rotor. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new method of energy loss calculation for the flow field in tip clearance region of a turbine rotor blade This method can be easily used in all kinds of flow fields. Regions of high viscous effects have been found to be located near the shroud rather than the blade tip. It is shown that the time-averaged loss of energy in tip leakage flow is dissimilar for different rotor blades. This result is a helpful hint that can be taken by blade designers to design non uniform rotor blades with different geometric and aerodynamic loads to minimize the energy loss

Quantitative evaluation of the medicine innovation policy in China: based on the PMC-Index model

IntroductionMedicine innovation is crucial in promoting the sustainable development of medicine undertakings, which has significant economic and social benefits. China is the main force in global medicine consumption, with a huge demand for innovative medicines. Thus, the Chinese government releases a series of policies aimed at providing scientific and reasonable guidance for medicine innovation. However, there is inadequate quantitative evaluation and comparison of various medicine innovation policies in the existing studies.MethodsThis paper adopts the approach of text mining and the Policy Modeling Consistency Index (PMC-Index) model to construct an evaluation system and then quantitatively evaluates and compares the traditional Chinese medicine innovation policies (TCMIPs), the biological medicine innovation policies (BMIPs), and the multiple medicine innovation policies (MMIPs) in China.ResultsThe results indicate that: (1) The three types of drug innovation policies have similarities in content and goal through comparative analysis of high-frequency words, while they also have their own characteristics. (2) The average PMC-Index of 29 TCMIPs is 5.77, which has the highest policy bad rate (21%); the average PMC-Index of 12 BMIPs is 6.21, which has the highest policy good rate (92%); moreover, the average PMC-Index of 35 MMIPs is 6.06, which has the highest policy excellence rate (26%). (3) The BMIPs, MMIPs, and TCMIPs have similar scores on policy object, policy orientation, policy timeliness, policy evaluation, and policy accessibility, while they differ significantly mainly on policy nature, incentive method, policy function, policy issuing agency, and policy instrument.DiscussionThis study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of medicine innovation policies in China, in order to provide theoretical support for future policy formulation and optimization in the medicine industry. Moreover, we expand the application scenarios of policy diffusion theory

How cognitive and reactive fear circuits optimize escape decisions in humans

Flight initiation distance (FID), the distance at which an organism flees from an approaching threat, is an ecological metric of cost–benefit functions of escape decisions. We adapted the FID paradigm to investigate how fast- or slow-attacking “virtual predators” constrain escape decisions. We show that rapid escape decisions rely on “reactive fear” circuits in the periaqueductal gray and midcingulate cortex (MCC), while protracted escape decisions, defined by larger buffer zones, were associated with “cognitive fear” circuits, which include posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, circuits implicated in more complex information processing, cognitive avoidance strategies, and behavioral flexibility. Using a Bayesian decision-making model, we further show that optimization of escape decisions under rapid flight were localized to the MCC, a region involved in adaptive motor control, while the hippocampus is implicated in optimizing decisions that update and control slower escape initiation. These results demonstrate an unexplored link between defensive survival circuits and their role in adaptive escape decisions

Multidimensional Resource Fragmentation-Aware Virtual Network Embedding in MEC Systems Interconnected by Metro Optical Networks

The increasing demand for diverse emerging applications has resulted in the interconnection of multi-access edge computing (MEC) systems via metro optical networks. To cater to these diverse applications, network slicing has become a popular tool for creating specialized virtual networks. However, resource fragmentation caused by uneven utilization of multidimensional resources can lead to reduced utilization of limited edge resources. To tackle this issue, this paper focuses on addressing the multidimensional resource fragmentation problem in virtual network embedding (VNE) in MEC systems with the aim of maximizing the profit of an infrastructure provider (InP). The VNE problem in MEC systems is transformed into a bilevel optimization problem, taking into account the interdependence between virtual node embedding (VNoE) and virtual link embedding (VLiE). To solve this problem, we propose a nested bilevel optimization approach named BiVNE. The VNoE is solved using the ant colony system (ACS) in the upper level, while the VLiE is solved using a combination of a shortest path algorithm and an exact-fit spectrum slot allocation method in the lower level. Evaluation results show that the BiVNE algorithm can effectively enhance the profit of the InP by increasing the acceptance ratio and avoiding resource fragmentation simultaneously