74,437 research outputs found
Topological Characterization of Extended Quantum Ising Models
We show that a class of exactly solvable quantum Ising models, including the
transverse-field Ising model and anisotropic XY model, can be characterized as
the loops in a two-dimensional auxiliary space. The transverse-field Ising
model corresponds to a circle and the XY model corresponds to an ellipse, while
other models yield cardioid, limacon, hypocycloid, and Lissajous curves etc. It
is shown that the variation of the ground state energy density, which is a
function of the loop, experiences a nonanalytical point when the winding number
of the corresponding loop changes. The winding number can serve as a
topological quantum number of the quantum phases in the extended quantum Ising
model, which sheds some light upon the relation between quantum phase
transition and the geometrical order parameter characterizing the phase
diagram.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
A pairwise maximum entropy model describes energy landscape for spiral wave dynamics of cardiac fibrillation
Heart is an electrically-connected network. Spiral wave dynamics of cardiac
fibrillation shows chaotic and disintegrated patterns while sinus rhythm shows
synchronized excitation patterns. To determine functional interactions between
cardiomyocytes during complex fibrillation states, we applied a pairwise
maximum entropy model (MEM) to the sequential electrical activity maps acquired
from the 2D computational simulation of human atrial fibrillation. Then, we
constructed energy landscape and estimated hierarchical structure among the
different local minima (attractors) to explain the dynamic properties of
cardiac fibrillation. Four types of the wave dynamics were considered: sinus
rhythm; single stable rotor; single rotor with wavebreak; and multiple wavelet.
The MEM could describe all types of wave dynamics (both accuracy and
reliability>0.9) except the multiple random wavelet. Both of the sinus rhythm
and the single stable rotor showed relatively high pairwise interaction
coefficients among the cardiomyocytes. Also, the local energy minima had
relatively large basins and high energy barrier, showing stable attractor
properties. However, in the single rotor with wavebreak, there were relatively
low pairwise interaction coefficients and a similar number of the local minima
separated by a relatively low energy barrier compared with the single stable
rotor case. The energy landscape of the multiple wavelet consisted of a large
number of the local minima separated by a relatively low energy barrier,
showing unstable dynamics. These results indicate that the MEM provides
information about local and global coherence among the cardiomyocytes beyond
the simple structural connectivity. Energy landscape analysis can explain
stability and transitional properties of complex dynamics of cardiac
fibrillation, which might be determined by the presence of 'driver' such as
sinus node or rotor.Comment: Presented at the 62nd Biophysical Society Annual Meeting, San
Francisco, California, 201
Gaussian enveloped decoherence of the atomic states in quantum cavity
We revisit the decoherence of the atomic state in the resonant
Jaynes-Cummings model with the field initially being in a coherent state. We
show that the purity of the atom exhibits oscillating Gaussian dependence on
the time with a width independent of the initial atomic state. It is also shown
that when the atom and the coherent state match each other in phase, the atomic
decoherence is Gaussian time dependence.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
A Study of S doped ZnSb
We report on S-doping of ZnSb for S concentrations ranging from 0.02 at% to
2.5 at%. There are no previous reports on S-doping. ZnSb is a thermoelectric
material with some advantages for the temperature range 400 K - 600 K. The
solid solubility of S in ZnSb was estimated to be lower than 0.1% from
observations of precipitates by scanning microscopy. Hall and Seebeck
measurements were performed as a function of temperature from 6K to 623 K. The
temperature dependence of the electrical properties suggests that S introduces
neutral scattering centers for holes in the p-type material. An increase in
hole concentration by S is argued by defect reactions involving Zn vacancies
How to Evolve Safe Control Strategies
Autonomous space vehicles need adaptive control strategies that can
accommodate unanticipated environmental conditions. The evaluation of new
strategies can often be done only by actually trying them out in the real
physical environment. Consequently, a candidate control strategy must be deemed
safe--i.e., it won't damage any systems--prior to being tested online. How to
do this efficiently has been a challenging problem.
We propose using evolutionary programming in conjunction with a formal
verification technique (called model checking) to evolve candidate control
strategies that are guaranteed to be safe for implementation and evaluation.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figur
Quantum-state transfer between atom and cavity field in Jaynes-Cummings model
We present a scheme for transferring quantum state between atom and cavity
field in Jaynes-Cummings model. It is based on the fact that the atom in a
cavity can induce the generation of modified coherent states, which can be
shown to be macroscopically distinguishable. The application on two-cavity
system provides an alternative scheme for preparation of non-local
superpositions of quasi-classical light states. Numerical simulation shows that
the proposed schemes are efficient.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Application of the Complex Monge-Ampere equation to the study of proper holomorphic mappings of strictly pseudoconvex domains
We construct a special plurisubharmonic defining function for a smoothly
bounded strictly pseudoconvex domain so that the determinant of the complex
Hessian vanishes to high order on the boundary. This construction, coupled with
regularity of solutions of complex Monge-Ampere equation and the reflection
principle, enables us to give a new proof of the Fefferman mapping theorem
Measurement of the Geometrical Decay of the Spin Hall Effect in Fe(CsAu) Multi Layers
The anomalous Hall effect of Fe(CsAu) is investigated. Electrons with spin up
and down experience a different degree of specular reflection at the FeCs
interface. This yields a different mean free path for the two spin
orientations. In the presence of an electric field parallel to the film plane
one obtains a spin current in addition to the charge current. If one introduces
impurities with a large spin-orbit scattering into the Cs host then the
combination of spin current and spin-orbit scattering yields an anomalous Hall
effect. By building in situ multi layers of CsAu (5nm of Cs and 0.04 atomic
layers of Au) on top of an Fe film one can measure the relative magnitude of
the spin current normal to the film. Within the accuracy of the experimental
data the spin current in Fe(CsAu) decays exponentially with a decay length of
20nm. PACS: 73.50.-h, 72.25.Ba, 73.40.Jn, 73.21.C
Elliptic boundary value problems for the inhomogeneous Laplace equation on bounded domains
Elliptic estimates in Hardy classes are proved on domains with minimally
smooth boundary. The methodology is different from the original methods of
Chang/Krantz/Stein
Chern number in Ising models with spatially modulated real and complex fields
We study an one-dimensional transverse field Ising model with additional
periodically modulated real and complex fields. It is shown that both models
can be mapped on a pseudo spin system in the k space in the aid of an extended
Bogoliubov transformation. This allows us to introduce the geometric quantity,
the Chern number, to identify the nature of quantum phases. Based on the exact
solution, we find that the spatially modulated real and complex fields
rearrange the phase boundaries from that of the ordinary Ising model, which can
be characterized by the Chern numbers defined in the context of Dirac and
biorthonormal inner products, respectively.Comment: 5 pages, 13 figure
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