Influence of air supply velocity on temperature field in the self heating process of coal

The air supply velocity is an important factor affecting the spontaneous combustion of coal. The appropriate air velocity can not only provide the oxygen required for the oxidation reaction, but maintains the good heat storage environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of the actual air velocity in the pore space on the self-heating process of coal particles. This paper focuses on studying the real space piled up by spherical particles. CFD simulation software is used to establish the numerical model from pore scale. Good fitness of the simulation results with the existing results verifies the feasibility of the calculation method. Later, the calculation conditions are changed to calculate and analyze the velocity field and the temperature field for self-heating of some particles (the surface of the particles is at a certain temperature) and expound the effect of different air supply velocities on gathering and dissipating the heat

Study on spontaneous combustion characteristics of weathered coal under variable oxygen volume fractions

The residual coal in the goaf is oxidized in the air leakage environment and gradually forms weathered coal, the macroscopic morphology and microstructure of weathered coal are different from that of raw coal, and the ambient oxygen concentration of weathered coal also changes from time to time. Therefore, in this paper, the temperature programmed system is used to simulate the auto-thermal oxidation process of weathered coal, and the variation laws of CO concentration, C2H4 concentration and intersection temperature during the oxidation and heating process of weathered coal under variable oxygen concentration are analyzed; the characteristic temperature and thermo-gravimetric rate of weathered coal under variable oxygen concentration were studied by thermo-gravimetric analyzer. The experimental results show that the gas concentration released by weathered coal in the process of oxidation and heating up is always higher than that of raw coal, and the intersection temperature and the critical temperature from slow oxidation to accelerated oxidation are always lower than that of raw coal; the lower the oxygen concentration, the smaller the gas concentration and thermal weight loss rate released by weathered coal and raw coal in the process of oxidation and heating up, and the higher the intersection temperature, the critical temperature from slow oxidation to accelerated oxidation and the maximum weight loss rate temperature; compared with raw coal, weathered coal is more sensitive to the change of oxygen concentration and has a higher risk of spontaneous combustion

Application of ventilation simulation to spontaneous combustion control in underground coal mine: A case study from Bulianta colliery

Spontaneous combustion of residual coal in longwall goaf is a long standing hazard. Airflow leakage into goaf is a major driver to the hazard and this issue deteriorates where longwalls are operating in multiple seams and shallow covers because mining-induced cracks are very likely to draw fresh airflow into goaf due to presence of pressure differential between longwall face and surface. To study the problem more critically, a ventilation simulation package Ventsim is used to conduct a case study from Bulianta colliery. It was found that isolating and pressurizing active longwall panel can mitigate the problem and the pressure differential can be adjusted by varying performance of auxiliary fan and resistance of ventilation regulator. A booster ventilation system can also mitigate the problem by adjusting fan duties. Ventilation simulation is a powerful tool to study spontaneous combustion control in underground coal mine

Cross-region FDI productivity spillovers in transition economies: evidence from China

Prior studies have failed to examine the spatial dimension of FDI productivity spillovers in transition economies. Using data from China, this article investigates how FDI in one location may affect the productivity of domestic firms in another location. The study finds strong evidence that FDI in the growth pole on the coast adversely affects the productivity of domestic firms in the peripheral interior. There is also some evidence that FDI in the peripheral interior positively affects the productivity of domestic firms in the growth pole on the coast. The findings indicate that the inflows of FDI contribute to the widening regional disparities in transition economies like China.

Application of ventilation simulation to spontaneous combustion control in underground coal mine: A case study from Bulianta colliery

Spontaneous combustion of residual coal in longwall goaf is a long standing hazard. Airflow leakage into goaf is a major driver to the hazard and this issue deteriorates where longwalls are operating in multiple seams and shallow covers because mining-induced cracks are very likely to draw fresh airflow into goaf due to presence of pressure differential between longwall face and surface. To study the problem more critically, a ventilation simulation package “Ventsim” is used to conduct a case study from Bulianta colliery. It was found that isolating and pressurizing active longwall panel can mitigate the problem and the pressure differential can be adjusted by varying performance of auxiliary fan and resistance of ventilation regulator. A booster ventilation system can also mitigate the problem by adjusting fan duties. Ventilation simulation is a powerful tool to study spontaneous combustion control in underground coal mine. Keywords: Ventilation simulation, Spontaneous combustion, Longwall operation, Pressure differential, Ventsi

Multifield Coupled Dynamic Simulation of Coal Oxidation and Self-Heating in Longwall Coal Mine Gob

The spontaneous combustion of residual coal in coal mine gob has long been a problem and poses a threat to the safe production of coal. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct an in-depth study of the oxidation and self-heating progress of residual coal in the gob. Considering that the geometric dimensions and physical characteristics of the gob will change during the advance of the working face, the purpose of the present paper is to determine how the coal self-heating develops during and after coal mining. A fully coupled transient model including gas flow, gas species transport, and heat transfer in the gob and the butt entries, as well as heat transfer in the surrounding strata, is developed to quantify the evolution of coal self-heating in gob during and after mining. The model was solved by COMSOL Multiphysics package and then verified by comparing the field data with the simulated data. On this basis, parametric studies including the influences of the surrounding strata temperature, airflow temperature, coal-rock particle size, and advance rate of the working face on coal oxidation and self-heating in the gob were conducted. The results show that a tailing phenomenon of the high-temperature area is formed on the air inlet side of the gob during mining, and the temperature in the high-temperature zone decreases gradually due to the accumulation and compaction of the gob and heat dissipation to the surrounding strata. Also, although the temperature in gob increases gradually after the stopping of mining, the high-temperature area migrates towards the working face. Moreover, when the temperature of the surrounding strata is consistent, different ventilation temperatures have no obvious effect on the maximum temperature of the gob at the initial mining stage, whereas the higher ventilation temperature results in the higher self-heating temperature after several days of mining. Finally, the smaller average particle size or faster advance rate results in a lower maximum temperature of gob

Identification of Wild-Type CYP321A2 and Comparison of Allelochemical-Induced Expression Profiles of CYP321A2 with Its Paralog CYP321A1 in Helicoverpa zea

One possible way to overcome the diversity of toxic plant allelochemicals idiosyncratically distributed among potential host plants is to have more counterdefense genes via gene duplication or fewer gene losses. Cytochrome P450 is the most important gene family responsible for detoxification of the diversity of plant allelochemicals. We have recently reported the identification and cloning of the transposon (HzSINE1)-disrupted non-functional CYP321A2, a duplicated paralog of the xenobiotic-metabolizing P450 CYP321A1 from a laboratory colony of Helicoverpa zea. Here we report the identification of the wild-type intact allele of CYP321A2 from another H. zea colony. This CYP321A2 allele encodes a deduced protein of 498 amino acids and has the P450 signature motifs. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments showed that this CYP321A2 allele was highly expressed in midgut and fat body and achieved the highest expression level in the developmental stage of 5th and 3rd instar larvae. CYP321A2 and CYP321A1 were constitutively expressed in low levels but can be differentially and significantly induced by a range of the plant allelochemicals and plant signal molecules, among which xanthotoxin, flavone, and coumarin were the most prominent inducers of CYP321A2 both in midgut and fat body, whereas flavone, coumarin, and indole-3-carbinol were the prominent inducers of CYP321A1 in midgut and fat body. Moreover, xanthotoxin-and flavone-responsive regulatory elements of CYP321A1 were also detected in the promoter region of CYP321A2. Our results enrich the P450 inventory by identifying an allelochemical broadly induced CYP321A2, a paralog of CYP321A1 in H. zea. Our data also suggest that the CYP321A2/CYP321A1 paralogs are a pair of duplicated genes of multigene families and CYP321A2 could potentially be involved in the detoxification of plant allelochemicals and adaptation of H. zea to its chemical environment. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaOpen access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Analytical prediction of coal spontaneous combustion tendency: velocity range with high possibility of self-ignition

Coal spontaneous combustion is an inherent problem in coal mines throughout the world. The analysis of stationary-states, including stable point and critical point, is an effective method to judge its ignition tendency. A lower critical point temperature means that it is more likely to cause fire. In the past, due to the limitation of mathematical methods, the consumption and distribution of oxygen concentration are usually neglected. In order to accurately analyze coal ignition tendency, this paper takes coal bulk as a porous system and develops an improved model by a combination of oxygen species and energy equation. The model is solved for stationary-states of the system. Qualitative analysis of the stationary-states gives a mechanism explanation for the reason why coal spontaneous ignition is hard to be extinguished and indicates that the temperature of initial endpoint and that of internal site can be uniquely determined from each other. It further points out a trend that the location of critical point moves inward as the inlet air velocity increases, which correlates well with simulation results of the existing literatures. Then, for stationary-states, calculation results of Killoch 6015 coal are obtained. Quantitative analysis of them finds a trend that the temperature of critical point rises rapidly after its slow increase. At last, a velocity range, in which the possibility of fire is extremely high, is presented by simulation computation, e.g., the range of Killoch 6015 coal is determined as 8 x 10¿ 5¿3 x 10¿ 3 m/s when the critical ignition temperature is set as 150 °C

Genetic Improvement in Juglans mandshurica and Its Uses in China: Current Status and Future Prospects

Juglans mandshurica is an economically and ecologically valuable species that is used for various construction purposes, making luxurious furniture, as food and sources of medicinal substances and landscaping because of its excellent wood, edible fruits and rich in various types of chemical compounds. In the past few decades, several genetic improvements of J. mandshurica were made, with a focus on the selection of improved varieties and on breeding technology. Many elite provenances and families were selected based on growth traits or wood properties. In recent years, with the increasing demand for high-quality seedlings in Chinese forestry production, the breeding goals of genetic improvement for J. mandshurica were redefined to include other traits, such as fruit yield and contents of medicinal component. However, the improvement processes were still slow due to the long breeding cycle and the limited use of advanced breeding technologies, resulting in the selection of fewer improved varieties. In this review, we summarized the research progresses on genetic improvements of J. mandshurica and other related works, and discussed research gaps and suggested future directions for genetic improvement of the species. The review provides valuable insight for the selection of improved varieties and production of excellent germplasms