Chemical markers for the quality control of herbal medicines: an overview

Selection of chemical markers is crucial for the quality control of herbal medicines, including authentication of genuine species, harvesting the best quality raw materials, evaluation of post-harvesting handling, assessment of intermediates and finished products, and detection of harmful or toxic ingredients. Ideal chemical markers should be the therapeutic components of herbal medicines. However, for most herbal medicines, the therapeutic components have not been fully elucidated or easily monitored. Bioactive, characteristic, main, synergistic, correlative, toxic and general components may be selected. This article reviews the effective use of chemical markers in the quality control of herbal medicines including the selection criteria considering the roles and physicochemical factors which may affect the effective use of chemical markers

A Pipeline Defect Instance Segmentation System Based on SparseInst

Deep learning algorithms have achieved encouraging results for pipeline defect segmentation. However, existing defect segmentation methods may encounter challenges in accurately segmenting the complex features of pipeline defects and suffer from low processing speeds. Therefore, in this study, we propose Pipe-Sparse-Net, a pipeline defect segmentation system that combines StyleGAN3 to segment the complex forms of underground drainage pipe defects. First, we introduce a data augmentation algorithm based on StyleGAN3 to enlarge the dataset. Next, we propose Pipe-Sparse-Net, a pipeline segmentation model based on SparseInst, to accurately predict the defect regions in drainage pipes. Experimental results demonstrate that the segmentation accuracy of this model can reach 91.4% with a processing speed of 56.7 frames per second (FPS). To validate the superiority of this method, comparative experiments were conducted against Yolact, Condinst, and Mask R-CNN, and the model achieved a speed improvement of 45% while increasing the accuracy by more than 4%

Weak signal extraction in non-stationary channel with weak measurement

Abstract An emerging challenge of integrated communication and sensing is the extraction of weak sensing signals transmitted through an unknown non-stationary channel. In this work, we propose a weak signal extraction method with weak measurement. Taking advantage of time division multiplexing, we preliminarily estimate the channel via adjustable finite impulse response filter, further suppressing the interfering signal caused by background noises via spectrum shift. By subsequently using the time-varying phase estimation method via weak measurement, the real-time detection of weak signals in the non-stationary channel is achieved. We demonstrate via theoretical analysis and confirmatory experiment that our method is able to amplify the phase shift, to suppress technical noise and to improve detection resolution limit, while proving robust against light source fluctuations, initial phase differences and detector saturation. The method hence enables weak sensing signal extraction with a low signal-to-noise ratio non-stationary channel. Furthermore, we interface our measurement method to squeezed light sources, offering the possibility of surpassing standard quantum limit

Simultaneous determination of multiple marker constituents in concentrated granule by high performance liquid chromatography-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Simultaneous determination of multiple marker constituents in concentrated granule by high performance liquid chromatography"</p><p>http://www.cmjournal.org/content/2/1/7</p><p>Chinese Medicine 2007;2():7-7.</p><p>Published online 20 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1914348.</p><p></p>ANOVA was performed on each compound. Contents of each compound showed significant differences among the four manufacturers (P < 0.05)

Simultaneous determination of multiple marker constituents in concentrated granule by high performance liquid chromatography-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Simultaneous determination of multiple marker constituents in concentrated granule by high performance liquid chromatography"</p><p>http://www.cmjournal.org/content/2/1/7</p><p>Chinese Medicine 2007;2():7-7.</p><p>Published online 20 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1914348.</p><p></p>(5) Glycyrrhizin; (6) Ephedrine; (7) Pseudoephedrine. A2, B2, C2 and D2 are chromatograms monitored at 230 nm for the quantitative determination of paeoniflorin (peak 2) and also used for the comparison of different samples. A1, B1, C1 and D1 are chromatograms monitored at 207 nm for the determination of ephedrine (peak 6) and pseudoephedrine (peak 7). D3 is a chromatogram monitored at 250 nm for puerarin (peak 1), daidzein (peak 4) and glycyrrhizin (peak 5); and D4 is a chromatogram monitored at 275 nm for cinnamic acid (peak 3)

<i>Chroogomphus rutilus</i> Regulates Bone Metabolism to Prevent Periodontal Bone Loss during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Osteoporotic Rats

Osteoporosis (OP) leads to the acceleration of tooth movement and aggravation of periodontal bone loss during orthodontic treatment. Chroogomphus rutilus (CR) is abundant in nutrients and demonstrates remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the components of CR, including 35.00% total sugar, 0.69% reducing sugar, 14.40% crude protein, 7.30% total ash, 6.10% crude fat, 0.51% total flavonoids, 1.94% total triterpenoids, 0.32% total sterol, 1.30% total saponins, 1.69% total alkaloids, and 1.02% total phenol, were first systematically examined, followed by an investigation into its regulatory effects on bone metabolism in order to mitigate bone loss during orthodontic tooth movement in osteoporotic rats. The results of the imaging tests revealed that CR treatment reduced periodontal bone loss and normalized tooth movement in the OP. In conjunction with analyses of intestinal flora and metabolomics, CR enhances the prevalence of anti-inflammatory genera while reducing the production of inflammatory metabolites. Meanwhile, CR reduced the levels of periodontal inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and promoted periodontal bone formation. These findings imply that CR is a potent supplementary therapy for controlling periodontal bone remodeling in patients with OP undergoing orthodontic treatment