The terrain of urbanisation process and policy frameworks: A critical analysis of the Kampala experience

Kampala is urbanising in an unplanned manner, but without a clear picture of the underlying dynamics. The city is characterised by lack of proper zoning of economic activities and construction of physical infrastructure without regard to subsequent spatial quality and environmental conservation. Consequently, there are sharp differences in residential standards where expensive housing and luxury flats co-exist with shanty towns and informal settlements, with about 60% of the city’s population living in unplanned informal settlements and often faced with challenges of unemployment. The unprecedented increase in the urban population in Kampala and the prospects for further increases in the near future have economic and social implications concerning employment, housing, education and health, among others. Understanding the nature of the dynamics of the growth or decline of cities like Kampala helps planners to support the processes that lead to harmonious urban development and to deal with the negative consequences of urban growth. This paper reflects the urbanisation dynamics explaining Kampala’s urbanisation process with the view to analysing the implications for an alternative urban policy framework. It argues that the conditions that have allowed the situation to exist have serious policy implications which require the need for an integrated policy framework that can be used to effectively prevent or halt Kampala’s unplanned urbanisation while promoting planned urbanisation. Induced by the migration and lack of information, understanding urban dynamics is crucial to the development of urban policies that can effectively ensure that further urban changes occur in a systematic and satisfactory manner. The current urban process in developing countries like Uganda is associated with poverty, environmental degradation and population demands that outstrip service capacity

Valuing Access to Water—A Spatial Hedonic Approach, with an Application to Bangalore, India

Abstract An important infrastructure policy issue for rapidly growing cities in developing countries is how to raise fiscal revenues to finance basic services in a fair and efficient manner. This requires estimates of the potential benefits or positive welfare effects that may follow from improved infrastructure. In this paper, we take advantage of a unique geo-referenced household survey to carry out a hedonic analysis of housing values that explicitly accounts for spatial spillovers. We use this to derive an estimate of the value of improved access to water in the Indian city of Bangalore. The findings suggest that by limiting the focus to individual or private benefits only, we may underestimate the overall social welfare from investing in service supply. We further demonstrate how spatially explicit policy simulations based on these estimates provide insight into the total effects of targeted interventions. Appréciation de l'accès à l'eau—Une méthode hédonique spatiale appliquée à la ville de Bangalore, en Inde Rèsumè Un important problème de politique en matière d'infrastructure qui se pose pour les villes à expansion rapide de pays en voie de développement est comment lever des recettes fiscales, de façon à la fois équitable et efficace, pour financer des services essentiels. Ces villes doivent, pour ceci, procéder à des évaluations des bénéfices potentiels ou des effets sociaux positifs que pourrait engendrer une meilleure infrastructure. Dans la présente communication, nous faisons usage des résultats d'une étude géoréférencée unique sur les ménages pour effectuer une analyse hédonique des valeurs des habitations, qui tienne compte de façon explicite des débordements spatiaux. Nous utilisons ensuite ces résultats pour dériver une estimation de la valeur d'un meilleur accès à l'eau dans la ville de Bangalore, en Inde. Les conclusions indiquent qu'en limitant notre recherche aux bénéfices individuels ou privés seulement, nous risquons de sous-estimer les avantages sociaux généraux des investissements dans la fourniture de services. Nous démontrons également comment des simulations de la politique, aux implications spatiales implicites sur la base de ces évaluations, permettent d'obtenir des connaissances sur les effets totaux des interventions ciblées. Valorando el acceso a agua—Un planteamiento hedónico espacial con una aplicación a Bangalore, India Extracto Una cuestión importante en cuanto a política de infraestructura para las ciudades de rápido crecimiento en países en vías de desarrollo es cómo incrementar los ingresos fiscales para financiar servicios básicos de forma justa y eficiente. Esto requiere estimaciones de los beneficios potenciales o de los efectos positivos para el bienestar social que podrían derivar de una mejor infraestructura. En este trabajo aprovechamos un exclusivo estudio georreferenciado sobre la vivienda para aplicar un análisis hedónico que tiene en cuenta explícitamente excedentes espaciales. Lo utilizamos para derivar una estimación del valor de un mejor acceso a agua en la ciudad india de Bangalore. Los descubrimientos sugieren que limitando el enfoque a los beneficios individuales o privados podríamos subestimar el bienestar social general procedente de invertir en el suministro de servicios. También demostramos cómo las simulaciones de políticas espacialmente explícitas basadas en estas estimaciones proporcionan una visión interna de los efectos totales de intervenciones dirigidas.Spatial hedonics, spatial econometrics, spatial multipliers, water pricing, development, C21, O18, Q25, R20,

Infrastructure and regional growth, growth dynamics and policy relevance for India

R11, R53, R58,