Graphoidal Tree d - Cover

Acharya and Sampathkumar defined a graphoidal cover as a partition of edges into internally disjoint (not necessarily open) paths. If we consider only open paths in the above definition then we call it as a graphoidal path cover

CONTROL OF BIO–REACTOR PROCESSES USING A NEW CDM PI–P CONTROL STRATEGY

For economical point of view, it is necessary to operate a bio-reactor system at unstable steady state condition. The design of controller for such system is challengeable one. If any delay includes in the bio-reactor system then, the control methodology is found to be more difficult. In the present work, a new, Coefficient Diagram Method (CDM) based PI–P control strategy is proposed to operate the bio-rector effectively at unstable steady state condition. The proposed control strategy, designated as CDM PI-P, is tested with the bio–reactor system which is approximated as Unstable First Order Plus Time Delay (UFOPTD) transfer function. Simulation results clearly indicate that the proposed control strategy gives an enhanced control performance in operating the bio-rector at unstable condition. The performance of the control strategy is analyzed in terms of Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and Total Variation (TV). A comparison of the proposed strategy with other control strategy is made

Rebuilding community resilience in a post-war context: developing insight and recommendations - a qualitative study in Northern Sri Lanka

BACKGROUND Individuals, families and communities in Northern Sri Lanka have undergone three decades of war trauma, multiple displacements, and loss of family, kin, friends, homes, employment and other valued resources. The objective of the study was understanding common psychosocial problems faced by families and communities, and the associated risk and protective factors, so that practical and effective community based interventions can be recommended to rebuild strengths, adaptation, coping strategies and resilience. METHODS This qualitative, ecological study is a psychosocial ethnography in post-war Northern Sri Lanka obtained through participant observation; case studies; key- informant interviews; and focus groups discussions with mental health and psychosocial community workers as well as literature survey of media and organizational reports. Qualitative analysis of the data used ethnography, case studies, phenomenology, grounded theory, hermeneutics and symbolic interactionism techniques. Quantitative data on suicide was collected for Jaffna and Killinochchi districts. RESULTS Complex mental health and psychosocial problems at the individual, family and community levels in a post-war context were found to impair recovery. These included unresolved grief; individual and collective trauma; insecurity, self-harm and suicides; poverty and unemployment; teenage and unwanted pregnancies; alcoholism; child abuse and neglect; gender based violence and vulnerability including domestic violence, widows and female headed-household, family conflict and separation; physical injuries and handicap; problems specific for children and elderly; abuse and/or neglect of elderly and disabled; anti-social and socially irresponsible behaviour; distrust, hopelessness, and powerlessness. Protective factors included families; female leadership and engagement; cultural and traditional beliefs, practices and rituals; and creative potential in narratives, drama and other arts. Risk factors that were impeding community rehabilitation and recovery included continuing military governance, depletion of social capital particularly lack of trust, hope and socio-economic opportunity structures for development that would engender a sense of collective efficacy. CONCLUSIONS In view of the widespread trauma at the individual, family and collective levels, community based programmes to increase local awareness, knowledge and skills to deal with common mental health and psychosocial issues; and training of community level workers and others in basic mental health and psychosocial problem solving are recommended to rebuild family and community agency and resilience. The use of cultural practices and school based programmes would rekindle community processes.Daya Somasundaram and Sambasivamoorthy Sivayoka

Reliability Estimation Model for Software Components Using CEP

This paper presents a graphical complexity measure based approach with an illustration for estimating the reliability of software component. This paper also elucidates how the graph-theory concepts are applied in the field of software programming. The control graphs of several actual software components are described and the correlation between intuitive complexity and the graph-theoretic complexity are illustrated. Several properties of the graph theoretic complexity are presented which shows that the software component complexity depends only on the decision structure. A symbolic reliability model for component based software systems from the execution path of software components connected in series, parallel or mixed configuration network structure is presented with a crisp narration of the factors which influence computation of the overall reliability of component based software systems. In this paper, reliability estimation model for software components using Component Execution Paths (CEP) based on graph theory is elucidated

Bulk queueing system with starting failure and single vacation

To analyze an M^([X])/G(a,b)/1 queue with starting failure, repair and single vacation. This type of queueing model has a wide range of applications in production/manufacturing systems. Important performance measures and stability conditions are obtained. Further, we discuss some particular cases. Finally, numerical results of the proposed model have been derived

Permanental Mates: Perturbations and Hwang’s conjecture

AbstractLet Ωn denote the set of all n×n doubly stochastic matrices. Two unequal matrices A and B in Ωn are called permanental mates if the permanent function is constant on the line segment tA+(1−t)B,0≤t≤1, connecting A and B. We study the perturbation matrix A+E of a symmetric matrix A in Ωn as a permanental mate of A. Also we show an example to disprove Hwang’s conjecture, which states that, for n≥4, any matrix in the interior of Ωn has no permanental mate

Adoption of recommended technologies by rubber growers in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu

Rubber being an important plantation crop in our country, an attempt was made to analyse the adoption behaviour of rubber growers and the associated factors. The study was carried out in Thiruvattar block, Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu. Around 150 rubber growers were interviewed personally through a well structured and pre-tested interview schedule. Percentage analysis, cumulative frequency, simple correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used for data analysis. Fourteen independent variables and one dependent variable were studied. Out of fourteen independent variables farming experience and scientific orientation had shown positive and significant association with adoption and mass media exposure had shown negative and significant relationship with the adoption. The results showed that 53.7 per cent of variation in the adoption and the results fit in the regression equation. Twenty five practices were identified to assess the adoption behaviour of rubber growers on rubber cultivation practices. Majority of the rubber growers had medium level of adoption on rubber cultivation practices. Regarding practice wise adoption, majority of the respondents adopted recommended spacing, weeding, first tapping during seventh year, tapping at the appropriate time, using tapping implements, yield stimulant and application of anti-coagulant in latex

PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE LOADED MPEGPCL NANOSUSPENSION BY MODIFIED NANOPRECIPITATION: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION

AbstractAim and Objectives The present study was carried out to show the potential neuroprotective effects in both invitro and invivo pramipexole dihydrochloride nanosuspension for the treatment in Parkinson's disease.Materials and Methods: Nanosuspension of pramipexole dihydrochloride was prepared with MPEG-PCL and Pluronic F68 by the process of modified nanoprecipitation technique with different concentrations of MPEG-PCL. The particle size, zeta potential, SEM, TEM and invitro dug release where performed. The cell viability study was performed by using SH-SY5Y cells. Further the formulation is evaluated for its antioxidant potential against rotenone induced neuronal damage in Wister rats such as enzymatic, non enzymatic antioxidants and histopathological evaluation.Result and Discussion: The nanoformulation shows least particle size of 143 nm and maximum zeta potential value 33.4 mv with 88.53% entrapment efficiency were observed with PMPNP 2 formulation. The SEM, TEM and invitro dug release of PMPNP 2 were shows spherical shape with controlled release when compared to other formulations. Further the MTT assay were performed by using SH-SY5Y cells which shows more than 50 % cell viability with 50 µl of PPMNP 2 nanoformulation. Further the antioxidant potential done in rotenone induced neuronal damage in Wister rats. The results showed elevation in the levels of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants compared with neuronal toxic group. Further nanoformulation group showed decrease in levels of LPO which correlates with histopathological architecture.Conclusion: Our study concluded that nanoformulation showed better protective potential in both invitro and invivo compare to free drug for the treatment in Parkinson's disease.Keywords: Pramipexoledihydrochloride; MPEG-PCL; SH-SY5Y cells; Nanoprecipitation; Parkinson's disease