Multivalued function spaces and Atsuji spaces

[EN] In this paper we present two themes. The first one describes a transparent treatment of some of the recent results in graph topologies on multi-valued functions. The study includes Vietoris topology, Fell topology, Fell uniform topology on compacta and uniform topology on compacta. The second theme concerns when continuity is equivalent to proximal continuity or uniform continuityNaimpally, S. (2003). Multivalued function spaces and Atsuji spaces. Applied General Topology. 4(2):201-209. doi:10.4995/agt.2003.2025.SWORD2012094

All hypertopologies are hit-and-miss

[EN] We solve a long standing problem by showing that all known hypertopologies are hit-and-miss. Our solution is not merely of theoretical importance. This representation is useful in the study of comparison of the Hausdorff-Bourbaki or H-B uniform topologies and the Wijsman topologies among themselves and with others. Up to now some of these comparisons needed intricate manipulations. The H-B uniform topologies were the subject of intense activity in the 1960's in connection with the Isbell-Smith problem. We show that they are proximally locally finite topologies from which the solution to the above problem follows easily. It is known that the Wijsman topology on the hyperspace is the proximal ball (hit-and-miss) topology in”nice” metric spaces including the normed linear spaces. With the introduction of a new far-miss topology we show that the Wijsman topology is hit-and-miss for all metric spaces. From this follows a natural generalization of the Wijsman topology to the hyperspace of any T1 space. Several existing results in the literature are easy consequences of our workNaimpally, S. (2002). All hypertopologies are hit-and-miss. Applied General Topology. 3(1):45-53. doi:10.4995/agt.2002.2111SWORD45533

What Drives Foundation Expenses & Compensation? Results of a Three-Year Study, Highlights

This brief presents key findings from the latest report of the Foundation Expenses and Compensation Project—the first large-scale, longterm, systematic study of independent, corporate, and community foundations' expense and compensation patterns and the factors behind them. Documenting the varying characteristics of the 10,000 largest U.S. grantmaking foundations, the study finds these differences—including foundation type, size, and operating activities—essential for understanding foundation finances. Not surprisingly, hiring staff and taking on staff-intensive activities raise charitable administrative expenditures relative to charitable distributions, while relying on unpaid board and family members and engaging in less-staff-intensive activities lower them. Most foundation operations, however, are somewhere between these poles

Enhancing Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks Adopting Elephant Swarm Optimization

Enhancing the lifetime of wireless sensor networks had baffled researchers for quite some time now. The authors of this research manuscript draw inspiration from the behavior of large elephant swarms and incorporate their behavior into wireless sensor networks. The complex elephant swarm behavior is incorporated using a cross layer approach. The elephant optimization discussed in this paper enables optimized routing techniques, adaptive radio link optimization and balanced scheduling to achieve a cumulative enhanced network performance. The proposed elephant swarm optimization is compared with the popular protocol. The experimental study presented proves that the Elephant Swarm Optimization technique enhances the network life time by about 73%

Awareness of Recommended Strategies on Hepatitis B Booster Vaccination among Health Care Personnel: Survey from A Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: We conducted a survey among doctors, interns, nurses, para- medical and non- medical support staff regarding their status of hepatitis vaccination and knowledge about Hepatitis B booster dose. Method: Cross- sectional survey was conducted using mobile devices. Data was collected using a mobile application – Episurveyor. The questionnaire was custom designed on the website and then downloaded to mobile phones.Results: We surveyed a total of 560 respondents, 138 were doctors, 105 were medical students, 216 were nurses, 41 were in others category (non- medical and paramedical personnel of the hospital) and 60 filled questionnaires were lost. 84.2% of the respondents had previously taken course of hepatitis B vaccine and less than half had taken hepatitis B booster (42.8%). 81.2% doctors, 90.5% medical students and 84.7% nurses, felt periodic booster doses to be necessary in all. Conclusion: This study shows that even though the primary vaccination coverage was good amongst Health care personnel, their knowledge regarding current recommendations of booster doses remains grossly inadequate. Mobile devices provide a feasible and cost- effective alternative for small surveys

Graph topologies on closed multifunctions

[EN] In this paper we study function space topologies on closed multifunctions, i.e. closed relations on X x Y using various hypertopologies. The hypertopologies are in essence, graph topologies i.e topologies on functions considered as graphs which are subsets of X x Y . We also study several topologies, including one that is derived from the Attouch-Wets filter on the range. We state embedding theorems which enable us to generalize and prove some recent results in the literature with the use of known results in the hyperspace of the range space and in the function space topologies of ordinary functions.Di Maio, G.; Meccariello, E.; Naimpally, S. (2003). Graph topologies on closed multifunctions. Applied General Topology. 4(2):445-465. doi:10.4995/agt.2003.2044.SWORD4454654

RASCP: Providing for a Secure Group Communication Plane Using RFID

Predominantly large distributed networks currently provide support for group oriented protocols and applications Regardless of the type of distributed network there is a need to provide communication privacy and data integrity to the information exchange amongst the group members This paper introduces a protocol named Authentication based Secure Communication Plane adopts the commutative RSA algorithm to maintain data integrity The proposed protocol not only eliminates the overheads resulting from key distribution and key compromise attacks but also provide for information security in the presence of colluded group members Radio Frequency Identification tags is used for group member identification The RACP protocol is compared with the RFID extended Secure Lock group communication protocol and its efficiency in terms of the computational complexity involved is discussed in this pape

Non-enumerative Generation of Path Delay Distributions and its Application to Critical Path Selection

A Monte Carlo based approach is proposed capable of identifying in a non-enumerative and scalable manner the distributions that describe the delay of every path in a combinational circuit. Furthermore, a scalable approach to select critical paths from a potentially exponential number of path candidates is presented. Paths and their delay distributions are stored in Zero Suppressed Binary Decision Diagrams. Experimental results on some of the largest ISCAS-89 and ITC-99 benchmarks shows that the proposed method is highly scalable and effective

Genetic Mapping of Greenbug Resistance Loci in Sorghum [ Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] & Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes in Response to Greenbug Infestation

Greenbug is a damaging pest of sorghum in the Great Plains of the United States. This study was taken with the objective to identify the genomic regions contributing resistance to greenbug biotype I using sorghum accession, PI 607900 as the resistance source. To accomplish this objective I undertook two projects involving three independent studies. These three studies involved linkage-based mapping and gene expression studies. The first study was conducted in an F 2 mapping population consisting of 371 individuals developed from a cross of BTx623 (susceptible to greenbug) by PI 607900 (resistant to greenbug) to identify QTLs contributing greenbug resistance in sorghum. The second study was performed to identify and confirm QTLs for greenbug resistance in an intercross population developed from a previously used F 2 mapping population. The third study was carried out to examine the differential expression of candidate genes induced by greenbug using real-time PCR experiments in two contrasting parental lines. I found that two major loci for greenbug resistance were on sorghum chromosome 9 from two independent QTL mapping studies. The second QTL mapping project with an intercross population revealed potential candidate genes in a narrowed confidence interval compared to first project's QTL analysis with the F 2 population. These loci were mapped to a region on chromosome 9 flanked by markers Starssbnm 93-Starssbnm 102. The QTL mapping studies identified two novel loci for greenbug resistance using 48 newly developed nuclear and genic SSRs. The identified greenbug resistance loci were linked to a receptor-like kinase Xa21 -binding protein 3, a gene known to increase Xa21 -mediated resistance in rice. Relative quantification of gene expression in the two parental lines indicated that receptor-like kinase Xa21 -binding protein 3 and map kinase phosphatase were differentially expressed upon greenbug infestation. The markers/QTLs identified in the study will have applications in MAS and mapbased cloning experiments for the improvement of greenbug resistance in sorghum.Department of Plant and Soil Science