Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) Lithology Identification Based on Wavelet Analysis and Dimensionality Reduction as Well Log Data Pre-Processing Techniques

Although the group method of data handling (GMDH) is a self-organizing metaheuristic neural network capable of developing a classification function using influential input variables, the results can be improved by using some pre-processing steps. In this paper, we propose a joint principal component analysis (PCA) and GMDH (PCA-GMDH) classifier method. We investigated well log data pre-processing techniques composed of dimensionality reduction (DR) and wavelet analysis (WA), using the southern basin of the South Yellow Sea as a case study, with the aim of improving the lithology classification accuracy of the GMDH. Our results showed that the dimensionality reduction method, which is composed of PCA and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), minimized the complexity of the classifier by reducing the number of well log suites to the relevant components and factors. On the other hand, the WA decomposed the well log signals into time-frequency wavelets for the GMDH algorithm. Of all the pre-processing methods, only the PCA was able to significantly increase the classification accuracy rate of the GMDH. Finally, the proposed joint PCA-GMDH classifier not only increased the accuracy but also was able to distinguish between all the classes of lithofacies present in the southern basin of the South Yellow Sea

Investigating the Predictive Performance of Gaussian Process Regression in Evaluating Reservoir Porosity and Permeability

In this paper, a new predictive model based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) that does not require iterative tuning of user-defined model parameters has been proposed to determine reservoir porosity and permeability. For this purpose, the capability of GPR was appraised statistically for predicting porosity and permeability of the southern basin of the South Yellow Sea using petrophysical well log data. Generally, the performance of GPR is deeply reliant on the type covariance function utilized. Therefore, to obtain the optimal GPR model, five different kernel functions were tested. The resulting optimal GPR model consisted of the exponential covariance function, which produced the highest correlation coefficient (R) of 0.85 and the least root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.037 and 6.47 for porosity and permeability, respectively. Comparison was further made with benchmark methods involving a back propagation neural network (BPNN), generalized regression neural network (GRNN), and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). The statistical findings revealed that the proposed GPR is a powerful technique and can be used as a supplement to the widely used artificial neural network methods. In terms of computational speed, the GPR technique was computationally faster than the BPNN, GRNN, and RBFNN methods in estimating reservoir porosity and permeability