38 research outputs found

    Periodontal Implications of Hepatitis C Infection

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    Periodontal tissues exhibit important vascular, lymphatic, and nervous connections with the rest of the body. Thus, periodontal inflammation caused by the interaction between the subgingival bacterial biofilm and the host immune response has an impact reaching further than the oral cavity. The concept of “periodontal medicine” reunites the bidirectional relationships that exist between periodontal disease and systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease. The chronic inflammation of hepatic tissues during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes changes in the general homeostasis that can reverberate at periodontal level and influence periodontal inflammation. Various mechanisms such as insulin resistance or pro-inflammatory cytokines production could be the link between the two conditions. In addition, periodontal inflammation could impact HCV transmission, as HCV RNA molecules and antibodies have been found in infected patients’ saliva and gingival fluid. During periodontal inflammation, gingival bleeding is frequent, and the viral molecules could enter oral fluids while being carried by peripheral blood cells. Clinical particularities that suggest the onset of periodontal disease have also been frequently observed in HCV-infected patients. The connections between periodontal disease and hepatitis C need to take into consideration by practitioners of both specialties due to their important implications on clinical manifestations and treatment strategies

    The Role of Osteoporosis as a Systemic Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease

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    Periodontal disease is an infectious and inflammatory disease with a high incidence in the global population and an extremely complex etiopathogenesis. Osteoporosis is one of the systemic diseases that can affect the integrity of periodontal tissues. Osteoporosis, as a skeletal disease, causes a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural changes in the bone. Discussions about the connection between the two diseases affecting the bone began in 1960, but, contrary to the high number of studies, discoveries are still being made regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms that link the two diseases. The chapter proposes a systematized description of data on the influence of osteoporotic disease on the periodontal structures, therapeutic methods to address the patient with periodontal disease and osteoporosis and data on the potential influence of conventional and adjunctive periodontal treatment on systemic parameters in patients with osteoporosis

    Advances in Locally Delivered Antimicrobials for Periodontitis Treatment

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    Periodontal disease represents an inflammatory disease of the tissues supporting the maintenance and functionality of the teeth on the dental arches. The main cause of periodontitis consists in periodontal dysbiosis, which will trigger an inflammatory response, progressively leading to periodontal tissue breakdown. Scaling and root planing represent the gold standard in treating periodontal diseases but, as it was already established, these measures are unable to completely eliminate the subgingival bacterial plaque. Therefore, new adjunctive therapies have emerged, involving systemic and local delivery of various antimicrobial products. This chapter aims to provide current knowledge on the local application of different periodontal supplementary therapies. The chapter focuses on local forms of antimicrobials, such as irrigations, gels or controlled release systems but also on laser/LED-assisted periodontal pocket photodynamic antibacterial therapy (PDT), along with various photosensitizers. Moreover, we present data from current guidelines regarding the recommendations for the main locally delivered antimicrobials

    The Complex Relationship of Periodontal Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis

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    The relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases is an important part of clinical periodontal research, which has been growing steadily. Even though the etiologies of periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) differ, these pathologies have many common features, both being multifactorial diseases characterized by localized chronic inflammatory reactions, which are fuelled by an analogous set of cytokines (among many, the most prominent being Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF), Interleukin (IL) 6 and 17), leading to high systemic circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP). It was not until the discovery of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) mediated citrullination of proteins by Porphyromonas gingivalis that the link between the two diseases was purely speculative. This citrullination initiates a series of events which culminate in the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and, finally, in the clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. Another common denominator is the bone destruction caused by proinflammatory cytokines secreted by T 17 helper cells (TH17) which is the pathological hallmark of both diseases. Other notable common areas are shared risk factors such as environmental and genetic risk factors. Regarding treatment, neither pathologies have a definitive cure, however, several strategies are employed, some of which are common, such as diet and lifestyle changes, and immunomodulating medication applied locally or systemically

    Periodontal Tissue Reaction Consecutive Implantation of Endodontic Materials and Subsequent Integration of Complex Oral Rehabilitation Treatments

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    Oral rehabilitation is a main branch of dentistry focused on diagnosing the patient’s problem and creating a treatment plan to restore aesthetics, recondition morphologically all components, and recover the functionality of the oral cavity. Biological compatibility of the materials used has a major importance, due to the direct contact with essential tissues, such as the soft and hard tissue of the periodontium and the potential influence on the outcome of the treatment. The present material aims to assess the inflammatory response after subcutaneous implantation of three materials frequently used in endodontics (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate—MTA, DiaRoot BioAggregate, and Sealapex). The evaluation of the reparative tissue reaction after 7, 30, and 60 days, respectively, subsequent to in vivo implantation, was carried out through electron microscopy imaging. Moreover, evaluation of the dynamics of the osteogenesis process was an indicator for the maintenance of internal homeostasis in the context of complex intraoral rehabilitation treatments that include fixed prosthodontics correlated with the particular periodontal-aesthetic aspects and completed by cranio-mandibular repositioning. Our study showed increased absolute values of alkaline phosphatase in all material-implanted cases (more pronounced in MTA and Bio Aggregate), highlighting that this enzyme could be an effective indicator of bone formation, which takes place after the material implantation, with the most significant elevated values at 30 days postoperatively

    Finding the Perfect Membrane: Current Knowledge on Barrier Membranes in Regenerative Procedures: A Descriptive Review

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    Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) became common procedures in the corrective phase of periodontal treatment. In order to obtain good quality tissue neo-formation, most techniques require the use of a membrane that will act as a barrier, having as a main purpose the blocking of cell invasion from the gingival epithelium and connective tissue into the newly formed bone structure. Different techniques and materials have been developed, aiming to obtain the perfect barrier membrane. The membranes can be divided according to the biodegradability of the base material into absorbable membranes and non-absorbable membranes. The use of absorbable membranes is extremely widespread due to their advantages, but in clinical situations of significant tissue loss, the use of non-absorbable membranes is often still preferred. This descriptive review presents a synthesis of the types of barrier membranes available and their characteristics, as well as future trends in the development of barrier membranes along with some allergological aspects of membrane use

    RECOMANDĂRILE FEDERAȚIEI EUROPENE DE PARODONTOLOGIE PENTRU PREVENIREA ÎMBOLNĂVIRILOR PARODONTALE ȘI A COMPLICAȚIILOR ACESTORA

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    The statistical global rising of the periodontal disease and of its complications represents a constant issue fought by the clinicians which determines the apparition of new protocols and guidelines emitted by the competent medical authorities. Such organisation is also the European Federation of Periodontology who, following the constant work-shops, developed a series of guidelines regarding to the management of the periodontal disease and peri-implantitis and of their complications. We propose a presentation of these guidelines with prophylactic aspect, addressed to the specialists and also to the future doctors

    Advances in Periodontal Pathogens

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    Even though periodontitis is considered an infectious disease, there are a number of factors that distinguish it from other infectious diseases: it is not the result of infection with an individual pathogen, but rather the consequence of a modified microbial community interaction with the host organism [...

    TERAPIA FOTODINAMICĂ ÎN CONTROLUL BIOFILMULUI MICROBIAN ORAL. DATE DIN LITERATURA

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    Microbial biofilms in the oral cavity are involved in the etiology of various oral conditions, including periodontal and dental implant failures. It is therefore not surprising that bacteria growing in dental plaque, a naturally occurring biofilm, display increased resistance to antimicrobial agents . Current treatment techniques involve either periodic mechanical disruption of oral microbial biofilms or maintaining therapeutic concentrations of antimicrobials in the oral cavity, both of which are fraught with limitations. The development of alternative antibacterial therapeutic strategies therefore becomes important in the evolution of methods to control microbial growth in the oral cavity. In this review, we propose to provide an overview of photodynamic therapy with emphasis on its current status as an antimicrobial therapy to control oral bacteria, and review the progress that has been made, concerning the applications of photodynamic therapy for targeting biofilm-associated oral infections and new frontiers of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy research will be introduced, including targeting strategies and thereby providing the opportunity for more effective disease prevention and control

    CONCEPTUL DE MODULARE A GAZDEI IN TERAPIA PARODONTALA

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    Host modulation therapy, although not a novelty in medicine, has recently been proposed as an adjunct to conventional treatment of periodontal disease. This innovative therapeutic approach has its origin in the latest data from fundamental research on the etiopathogeny of periodontal disease. Understanding the mechanisms of the disease as well as the ways in which different substances can intervene in the sense of both alleviating signs of disease or stimulating the host’s protective mechanisms or increasing the effectiveness of conventional therapies has nowadays considered adjunctive therapy in Periodontal disease, the methods that are grouped into the concept of host modulation therapy
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