Distinct Circuits for Recovery of Eye Dominance and Acuity in Murine Amblyopia

Degrading vision by one eye during a developmental critical period yields enduring deficits in both eye dominance and visual acuity. A predominant model is that "reactivating'' ocular dominance (OD) plasticity after the critical period is required to improve acuity in amblyopic adults. However, here we demonstrate that plasticity of eye dominance and acuity are independent and restricted by the nogo-66 receptor (ngr1) in distinct neuronal populations. Ngr1 mutant mice display greater excitatory synaptic input onto both inhibitory and excitatory neurons with restoration of normal vision. Deleting ngr1 in excitatory cortical neurons permits recovery of eye dominance but not acuity. Reciprocally, deleting ngr1 in thalamus is insufficient to rectify eye dominance but yields improvement of acuity to normal. Abolishing ngr1 expression in adult mice also promotes recovery of acuity. Together, these findings challenge the notion that mechanisms for OD plasticity contribute to the alterations in circuitry that restore acuity in amblyopia.National Eye Institute [R01EY021580, R01EY027407]; Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Research to Prevent Blindness; Saban Research Institute; Burroughs Wellcome Fund12 month embargo; published online: 7 June 2018This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

L’organisation communautaire comme réponse collective aux enjeux de l’insécurité alimentaire au Québec

À Montréal, les organisateurs et organisatrices communautaires (OC) interviennent dans différents champs de pratique, dont celui de la sécurité alimentaire. Ces professionnels définissent l’organisation communautaire comme une intervention de soutien professionnel et d’influence dans une communauté permettant d’agir sur les facteurs collectifs qui ont une incidence sur la santé et le bien-être. Elle s’adresse prioritairement aux populations précarisées dans une perspective de justice sociale. Cette étude porte sur les pratiques d’organisation communautaire en sécurité alimentaire. Elle s’inscrit dans une démarche de réflexivité collective entreprise dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre des chercheurs et des membres d’un Comité d’organisateur-rices communautaires en sécurité alimentaire œuvrant au sein d’un établissement du réseau de la santé et des services sociaux québécois. Cette étude a permis de dégager les rôles de l’organisation communautaire en sécurité alimentaire, de cerner les principaux défis de leur pratique et de questionner leur capacité d’action sur les inégalités sociales.Montreal’s community organizers (COs) are involved in various fields of practice, including food safety. For these professionals, community organizing is about providing support and influence in a community to facilitate collective action around determinants of health and well-being. Community organizing is primarily concerned with vulnerable populations in a perspective of social justice. This study focuses on community organizing practices in food security. It was based on a collective reflexive process undertaken in collaboration between researchers and members of a committee of community organizers working in the field of food safety for a health and social services organization in Quebec. The study helped identify different roles taken on by community organizers around food security, highlight the main challenges of their practice and discuss how they can act on social inequalities