32 research outputs found
ΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ
In the literature there is a gap of publications about patella fractures management which is due to the absence of serious attention to the injuries of this largest sesamoid bone. In addition, in the world literature there is a lack of monographs and toolkits for the treatment of patients with these injuries, furthermore, in textbooks and traumatology manuals there are only a few template recommendations to the tactics of treating patients with this trauma. Meanwhile, patella fractures represent approximately 0.5-1.5% of all fractures, delayed union, formation of a false joint, and the emergence of patellofemoral arthrosis after these fractures is not uncommon. In the scientific literature on traumatology there is no unified, all-recognized classification of these fractures, which hinders the development of a single algorithm for the treatment of patients with patellar fractures. There are no contradictory views to the treatment of patella fractures without displacement; however, in relation to the treatment of patients with complex patella fractures, there are divergent views between the fracture fragments preservation to partial or even total patellectomy. In connection with the foregoing, We considered the issue of treating patients with patella fractures topical. Based on a thorough analysis of treatment results of 113 patients we provided a working classification based on the number of patellar fracture fragments (two-fragmentary, three-fragmentary, four-fragmentary, multi-fragmentary, upper and lower pole fractures). Based on this classification, traditional, modified and new methods of treating patients with patellar fractures were used. This is described in more detail in the forthcoming article.Π ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π° Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ 0,5-1,5% ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ°, Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ). Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 113 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²). ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°
ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°
Rationale. The development of 3D printing technology allows the manufacture of individual implants to treat the patients with diseases and consequences of musculoskeletal system injuries. However, the use of additive technologies in the patients with multiple trauma in the acute period is limited. The purpose of study was to demonstrate the possibility of using individual implants for the definitive fixation of the anterior pelvic ring in a patient with multiple trauma.Patient concerns. A 22-year-old patient was admitted after an injury as a result of a fall from the 5th floor. The treatment was carried out in accordance with the ATLS protocol. Diagnosis: multiple trauma; closed chest, pelvis and limbs injuries; fracture of the left 2nd to 5th ribs; pelvic bones fracture AO/ OTA: 61-C1.3a; fracture of both bones of the left lower leg AO/OTA: 42-B3b; 2nd degree shock.Interventions. An emergency external fixation of the pelvis and lower leg bones was performed. An individual implant for pubic bone fixation was made using 3D printing. On the 8th day, the definitive fixation of the pelvic and left lower leg bones was performed. The patient is activated on the 1st day after the surgery.Outcomes. The early postoperative period was uneventful. The functional result on the Majeed scale in 6 months by remote filling out the questionnaire was 84 points. Lessons. The custom-made implants make it possible the successful fixation of the anterior pelvic ring. The use of 3D printing technologies for the osteosynthesis of pelvic fractures is promising, although requires further study.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ 3D-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ.ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ 22 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ 5-Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ATLS. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·: ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°; Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ° Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ; ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ IIβV ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π²Π°; ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΠ/ΠΠ’Π: 61-C1.3a; ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ/ ΠΠ’Π: 42-B3b; ΡΠΎΠΊ 2 ΡΡ. Π ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π² Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ 3D-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ° 8-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² 1-Π΅ ΡΡΡ. ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π» Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅ Majeed ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 6 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. β 84 Π±Π°Π»Π»Π°.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ 3D-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
Πbctract. Treatment of long bones fractures of the extremities has a particular relevance in modern traumatology due to their high frequency, as well as a large number of deaths in patients with polytrauma. It is dangerous to perform an urgent final osteosynthesis in severe patients because of the possibility of shock and the deterioration of the condition of the injured. Therefore, the principle of Damage control with urgent fixation of damaged segments by external fixation and their subsequent replacement (converse) to intramedullary osteosynthesis had a particular relevance in the treatment of patients with long bones fractures. Purpose: Improving treatment outcomes for patients with long bones fractures. Materials and methods. In the present study, a retrospective analysis of using conversion osteosynthesis in the treatment of 120 patients with long bones extremities fractures in a multidisciplinary hospital was carried out. For a better analysis of the results of treatment, we divided the patients into two groups: The first group 44 patients with fractures of the long bones with polytrauma according to the ISS severity scale> 17. The second group consists of 76 patients with closed isolated unstable comminuted fractures of the long bones with severe post-traumatic edema, who have a high risk of significant trauma of soft tissues. Results. The most optimal time for conversion osteosynthesis to patients with polytrauma was 7-12 days, which prevented the occurrence of traumatic shock; and for patients with closed isolated unstable fractures of long bones with significant of post-traumatic edema for conversion osteosynthesis, the optimal time was 3-7 days after injury, which prevented the occurrence of inflammatory complications in the postoperative period. Conclusion. The study confirmed the feasibility of conversion osteosynthesis in the treatment of patients with diaphyseal fractures. The use of the technique of transferring the fixation of fragments by the external fixation device to the internal osteosynthesis (conversion) contributed to a reduction in the duration of inpatient treatment of patients with fractures of the long bones.ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π.Π. ΠΠ°Π²Π°Π»Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π.Π. ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π²ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ 14-15% ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ Damage control, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·, Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π² Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ
. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 120 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° 44 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ISS> 17, Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° - 76 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ 7-12 ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°; ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ 3-7 ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· (ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ) ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ: ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ
Background.The combination of classical anterior and posterior approaches, as well as their modifications, is recognized as the most effective in acetabular fractures surgical treatment. The use of classical and modified approaches is accompanied byΒ seriousΒ intra-Β andΒ postoperativeΒ complicationsΒ associatedΒ primarilyΒ withΒ theΒ durationΒ ofΒ surgery,Β significantΒ blood loss, tissue trauma, surgical site infection. The aim of review β to determine the main and most frequent complications associated with surgical approaches to the acetabulum. material and methods. Access to literature sources is carried out in the information systems and databases PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Π‘ochran Library, eLibrary, Wiley Online Library. Keywords: acetabular fractures, surgical treatment, approach to the acetabulum, total hip replacement.Results. The most common intraoperative complications are incorrect fragments reduction, sciatic nerve injury, less often β intraarticular implant position, damage to the superior gluteal artery and other vessels, among the early postoperative complications - wound infection, both superficial and deep, less often β venous thrombosis. Late postoperative complications are mainly representedΒ byΒ theΒ developmentΒ of Β heterotopicΒ ossification,Β post-traumaticΒ coxarthrosis,Β lessΒ oftenΒ revealedΒ aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, residual protrusion and secondary femoral head lesion. Conclusion. The main approach to the acetabulum are the ileo-inguinal and the Kocher-Langenbeck approach, as well as their combination.Complications were more common using two approaches, especially in cases of simultaneous use. The main intraoperative complications are the sciatic nerve and the superior gluteal artery injury with posterior approaches, the femoral lateral cutaneous nerve with expanded ilio-femoral approach, and the obturator nerve with anterior approaches.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ (ΠΠ) ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°- ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Medline, Π‘ochran Library, Π΅Library, Wiley Online Library. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΡ ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ· ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ β ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΠ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ· Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ.Β ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡ
Π΅ΡΠ°-ΠΠ°Π½Π³Π΅Π½Π±Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Ρ
, Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π° Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Ρ
Outcomes after operative treatment of patella fractures
Introduction Patella fractures account for one percent of all fractures. Arthritis, non-union and other complications which affect the function of the lower limb may develop in the long term. The aim was to develop the most optimal osteosynthesis techniques for patella fractures. Methods We analyzed long-term treatment results of 78 patients with patella fractures treated from 2017 to 2018 using the KOOS (The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) scale, clinical examinations and knee joint X-rays. Based on the methods of surgical treatment for patella fractures, we divided the patients into 5 groups: Weber tension band wiring for two-fragment fractures; cross-like osteosynthesis and other methods of patella osteosynthesis using K-wires and wire loops for multifragmental fractures of the patella; combined osteosynthesis (tension band wiring with an additional screw or cerclage around patella); partial patellectomy and the inferior pole osteosynthesis. Results A comparative analysis of patients' groups after surgical treatment of patella fractures using the KOOS scale showed the best results after Weber tension band wiring for transversal fractures (72 %). The results of patients with multifragmental fractures of the patella using K-wires and wire loops were positive in 64 %; after the restoration of the inferior pole in 68 %, after partial patellectomy in 57 %. Conclusion For transversal fractures of the patella, tension band wiring is the method of choice. With multifragmental patella fractures, good results are achieved by cross-like osteosynthesis and other methods using K-wires and wire bands. The use of patellectomy followed by wire loop locking should be avoided for all types of patella fractures. In fractures of the inferior pole of the patella, it is preferable to fix it to the main patella fragment. Β© 2020 Khidzhazin V.Kh., Solod E.I., Abdulkhabirov M.A
ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎ-Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ
Conversion Osteosynthesis in the Treatment of Intra- and Periarticular Fractures of the Lower third of the Femur in Patients with Polytrauma
Introduction. The treatment of patients with femoral fractures is of particular relevance in modern traumatology, especially in patients with polytrauma. The treatment of such fractures is complicated by the fact that it depends not only on the nature of the fracture, but also on the general condition of the patient. Such fractures caused by high-energy trauma are usually comminuted or fragmented and are often accompanied by neuro-vascular complications, especially in the distal region. Such fractures are often accompanied by soft tissue damage.The purpose of the work was to improve the results of treatment of intra- and periarticular fractures of the distal femur in patients with poly-trauma.
82SCIENCE. EDUCATION. PRACTICEMaterials and methods. A prospective analysis of the use of con-version osteosynthesis in the treatment of 72 patients with intra- and periarticular fractures of the lower third of the femur against polytrauma according to the ISS 17-40 severity rating scale in a multidisciplinary hos-pital was performed.Results. The optimal time for conversion osteosynthesis in pa-tients with polytrauma was 5-7 days, which prevented the occurrence of traumatic shock, inflammatory complications in the postoperative period.Conclusions. The study confirmed the feasibility of conversion osteo-synthesis in the treatment of patients with intra- and periarticular fractures of the lower third of the femur. The use of the technique of transferring fixation of fragments by an external fixation apparatus to internal osteo-synthesis (conversion) contributed to a reduction in the time of inpatient treatment of patients with fractures of long bones
Tactics for treating pelvic fractures in the Elderly
Introduction: Pelvic fractures in the elderly represent a difficult prob-lem for pelvic surgeons, in connection with which the bulk of patients are treated conservatively. Purpose of the study: evaluate the effectiveness of surgical and conservative treatment methods in elderly patients. Mate-rials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the treatment of 32 patients with pelvic ring injuries older than 65 years was performed. There were 24 patients in the conservative treatment group, and 8 patients in the surgi-cal treatment group. Long-term results were evaluated after 12 months, according to the SF-12v2 questionnaire and the βTimed up & goβ test.Results. Long-term results after a year in the conservative treatment group were evaluated in 19 patients (76.2 Β± 6.7 years). In the conserva-tive treatment group in 7 patients (73.5 Β± 5.8 years). Annual mortality was 20.8% and 12.5%, respectively. In the conservative treatment group, 14 patients restored their previous level of activity (73.7%) and in the surgical Etreatment group 6 patients (85.7%). Conclusion. In elderly patients with injuries of the pelvic ring, a high mortality rate remains. In our study, no reliable data were obtained on the advantage of surgical treatment meth-ods compared to conservative treatment tactics. When opting for surgical treatment of pelvic ring injuries, it is necessary to consider the type of fracture, bone quality, comorbid background and previous level of physi-cal activity. A multidisciplinary approach and outpatient monitoring until recovery of physical activity as an integral part of the treatment of this group of patients
Π‘Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ― Π₯ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ¬Π’ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠ€Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π ΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ«ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ
Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of patients with fractures of the proximal humerus with the use of intense blocked spoke osteosynthesis in a comparative aspect with other modern methods of osteosynthesis. Materials and methods: 98 case histories of patients with the diagnosis "closed fracture of humerus at the level of surgical neck with displacement of fragments" aged from 27 to 89 years (22 men and 76 women, mean age 58.6Β±12.8 years) were analyzed prospectively. Group I (main) consisted of 36 patients who underwent surgical treatment by the method of"intense blocked spoke osteosynthesis". Group II was composed of 31 patients with intramedullary osteosynthesis pin. Group III consisted of 31 patients with fixation of fragments by the plate. Clinical data, laboratory and instrumental data were evaluated. Assessment of the functional status of the affected joint before the surgery was carried out a scale of the Mattis-Luborzyca-Schwarzberg before surgery and on 1, 15, 30, 90 and 180 days after surgery. The assessment of quality of life was performed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Results. It was found that the treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus by the method of strained blocked spoke osteosynthesis significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment of victims compared with intramedullary osteosynthesis pins and bone osteosynthesis plates. Reduced need and reduced the time of immobilization to 7-14 days. By day 14, the majority of patients in group I recovered the volume of joint movements in most patients, in groups II and III such patients were 68.7 (p=0.0001) and 77.7% (p=0.00001), respectively less. The terms of pain relief were reduced. The function of the damaged limb was restored by 15 days in 80.6% of patients of group I, whereas in group II - only in 22.6 (p=0.000001), and in group III - in 16.1% of patients (p=0.000001). Therapeutic exercise was conducted from 1 day in most patients of group I, in groups II and III, the coverage of rehabilitation measures in the first day was 85 (p=0.000001) and 90.3% (p=0.000001) less. Indicator of the effectiveness of surgical treatment against the development of complications was in group I - 94.4 per cent, in group II - 87,1%, in group III - 80,6%. Summary. The method of spoke blocked a busy osteosynthesis and more effective in the treatment of patients with fractures of the proximal humerus compared with intramedullary osteosynthesis with pins and a plate osteosynthesis plates. It is low-traumatic, has high efficiency and low frequency of complications, provides reliable fixation of fragments including in elderly patients, and full restoration of the function of the damaged limb in the early period after surgery.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 98 ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Β«Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ²Β» Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 27 Π΄ΠΎ 89 Π»Π΅Ρ (22 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 76 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ 58,6Β±12,8 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°). ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° I (ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ), ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ· 36 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Β«Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Β». ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ II ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 31 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ III ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 31 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°-ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°-Π¨Π²Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ³Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π° 1, 15, 30, 90-Π΅ ΠΈ 180-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° SF-36. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π£ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 7-14 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π 14 Π΄Π½Ρ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ I Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Ρ
Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
II ΠΈ III ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π° 68,7 (Ρ=0,0001) ΠΈ 77,7% (Ρ=0,00001) ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ 15 ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Ρ 80,6% ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² I Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ II - Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ 22,6 (Ρ=0,000001), Π° Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ III - Ρ 16,1% ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (Ρ=0,000001). ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ° Ρ 1 ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ I, Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
II ΠΈ III ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» Π½Π° 85 (Ρ=0,000001) ΠΈ 90,3% (Ρ=0,000001) ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ I - 94,4%, Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ II - 87,1%, Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ III - 80,6%. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°