Alterations in histological structure, blood estrogen and progesterone levels after oral administration of garlic extract in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus)

In this study, the effects of garlic phytoestrogen extract on gonad maturation along with estrogen and progesterone levels in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) were investigated. A total of 60 yellowfin seabreams were caught from Naseri pond in Khuzestan Province, Southwest Iran and transported to the laboratory. Fish were treated in four groups receiving garlic extract with doses of 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2 % of diet (T1, T2 and T3, respectively). Each treatment consisted of three replicates. The fish were fed twice a day at 3% of body weight for 14 days. For histological study, samples were taken from the gonads. In order to assay the hormone levels, samples were taken from the caudal vein of the fish on days 0, 7, 10 and 14. The histological results showed that garlic extract in the lowest dose caused a decrease in vitellogenesis, however, in higher doses an elevation in vitellogenesis and also the tendency of this hermaphrodite fish gonads to be female. The highest amount of vitellogenesis was reported in T1 on 10th day. In total, elevating in the amount of this extract initially upraised the number of vitellogenic follicles and promotion of ovarian maturation. However, higher doses and also increasing the administration time of the extract exhibited inverse results. Measuring the levels of hormones showed a significant change in their plasma levels during the experiment, so that an increase in level of estrogen was observed in all three prescribed doses and an increase in level of progesterone was observed in higher doses (T2 and T3; p<0.05). The results of the present study indicate the effect of garlic phytoestrogen extract on growth and maturation of ovaries

A comparative histological study of the reproductive structure of dominant Bivalvia species in Karkheh River in a year

limited information available regarding their biology. Considering the significance of bivalve gonads as vital reproductive organs, this study aimed to identify and investigate the histological structure of reproductive organs of dominant bivalve species throughout one year, from April 2021 to February 2022, in the Karkeh River. For this purpose, bivalves were seasonally collected, identified, and then dissected. Subsequently, the gonads underwent histomorphometric examination following tissue processing stages. The results indicated that Unio tigridis and Pseudodopsis euphratica were the predominant species in the Karkeh River, both belonging to the Unionidae family. The ovaries in both species exhibited asynchronous development. The reproductive cycle throughout the year comprised three stages: undeveloped, developing, and mature. Considering gonadal maturity in spring and spawning in summer, it appears that the primary gonadal activity of both species in the Karkeh River in the study area occurs in spring, while peak reproductive activity takes place in summe

Assessment of Skin Pathological Responses in the Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) under the Aeromonas hydrophila Exposure

Background: Bacterial diseases in cultured fish are considered the main problem to aquaculture system. Skin is the structure that covers the body in fish. Skin histopatological alterations were used to assess the effects of Aeromonas hydrophila exposure on the yellowfin seabream )Acanthopagrus latus(. Methods: In this regard, 90 A. latus were exposed to sublethal concentrations of A. hydrophila (103,106 CFU/ml) for 3 weeks. Results: Some more severe alternations found in the skin of fish exposed. The most frequent histopathological changes detected in the skin including hyperplasia of epidermis, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucosal cells and dermis edema. Some more severe alternations found in the skin of fish exposed to higher level of A. hydrophila (106 CFU/ml) included telangiectasia of dermis layer. In addition, according to the results of histometrical studies in treated fish compared to control group showed that thickness of epidermis and dermis layers were increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: A. hydrophila can cause major histophatological changes in the skin of A. latus. In addition, histopathological changes of the skin provide helpful information about the environmental conditions and as particular biomarkers may provide imminent into evaluating the general health and stress status of fish

Histological study of the oral cavity of sea snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus in the coast of Minab, Oman sea

Sea snakes are the largest group of marine reptiles, but their role in the food chain in their habitats remains unknown. Histological studies of the oral cavity in sea snakes are essential to interpret food habits and to identify the structure of poison glands. The Present research is designed to study the Histology of the oral cavity in sea snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus. For this purpose, 6 individuals of sea snakes were collected from Minab, Hormozgan. Then the sections were taken from the Palate and floor of the mouth. Sections were stained by H&E and PAS, and observed with a light microscope. The results showed that the epithelium was keratinized, stratified squamous, and specialized. The lamina propria contained lymphoid tissue. In the submucosa, the nucleated RBC, Heterophil cells, and connective tissue cells were observed. The glandular tissue was serosal and the mucosal gland and the muscle layer were observed skeletal. Mucosal glands and some parts of epithelium were PAS-Positive. The results of this study showed that in spite of many similarities between the histological structures of H. cyanocinctus and other snakes and reptiles, some significant structural differences exist in which can be defined as a specific model for sea snakes