A structural test of the three‐step theory (3ST) of suicide in the Iranian population: From ideation to action

Abstract Background and Aims Suicide is one of the leading causes of death, especially in adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to perform a structural test of the three‐step theory (3ST) of suicide in the Iranian population. Methods The research population included Iranian people over 18 years of age. The participants were 600 persons selected through convenience sampling. The data in this study were collected using the Suicide Attempt Questionnaire, the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire‐Revised, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, the Impulsiveness Scale, the Depressive Symptom‐Suicidality Subscale, ACSSACSS‐Fearlessness About Death, the Psychache Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Suicide Capacity Scale. Results Data analysis showed that pain and positive helplessness (β = 0.45; p < 0.05) positively interact with suicidal behavior. Moreover, pain and negative helplessness significantly interact with suicidal ideation (β = 0.65; p < 0.001). The data also showed that the absence of interpersonal needs plays a protective role. A comparison of the three suicidal capacity factors indicated that only the practical capacity differentiates the ideation and action subgroups. Conclusions The insights from this study provide a clear picture of the underlying causes of suicidal ideation and behavior and can help counselors and other human health professionals working with people with suicidal thoughts and behavior to prevent suicide attempts. Following functional models, they can also make serious efforts to perform therapeutic interventions to eliminate or reduce suicidal thoughts and feelings

Providing a health‐promotion behaviors model in elderly: Psychological capital, perceived social support, and attitudes toward death with mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies

Abstract Background and Aims The aim of this study was to present a health‐promotion behaviors model in the elderly based on psychological capital, social support, and attitudes toward death mediated with mediating role of emotional cognitive regulation strategies in the elderly in Ardabil. Methods The research method was correlational which was done by the path analysis method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all elderly people in Ardabil in 2020, from which 250 people were selected by convenient sampling method and were investigated with research tools including Health‐Promotion Lifestyle Profile (1998), attitudes toward death profile (1994), Psychological Capitals (2007), social support (1988) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation (2001). Data were analyzed by Amos‐24 software and using structural equation modeling. Results The results showed that psychological capital, social support, and attitude towards death directly affect health‐promotion behaviors and also indirectly improve them through cognitive emotion regulation strategies. These results can have a significant impact on promoting health and improving the quality of life of the elderly population. Conclusions Based on the findings of the present study, it can be claimed that the proposed model for the health of the elderly has an acceptable fitness and this model can be used in developing educational programs and intervention techniques to improve the health of this group of people

The Relationship Between Workplace Spirituality, Job Satisfaction and Attitude Toward Death Among the Staff of the Emergency Department

Background: The present study was carried out aimed to examine the relationship between workplace spirituality and job satisfaction. It also aimed to determine the intermediary role of attitude toward death among emergency department staff in Shiraz city. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and correlation study, the statistical population included 90 staff of the Shiraz Emergency department who were selected through simple random sampling in 2016-2017. Spirituality questionnaires in the workplace, life satisfaction and attitude towards death were used in this research, and the data were analyzed by SPSS and EMOS software. Results: The results of the data analysis indicated that workplace spirituality had a negative effect (&beta;=-0.32, P=0.001) on neutral acceptance and a positive effect (&beta;=0.21, P=0.03) on active acceptance and life satisfaction (&beta;=0.19, P=0.05). Furthermore, out of the attitudes toward death scales, only neutral acceptance could play a mediating role between workplace spirituality and life satisfaction (&beta;=-0.27, P=0.00). Model fitting indicators show that the model has a good fit (X2=0.86, GFA=0.97, CFI=0.99). Conclusion: The results show that workplace spirituality is compatible with life satisfaction and the mediating role of attitude toward death among the staff of the emergency department