Investigating the Mediating Role of Distress Tolerance in the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Psychiatric Symptoms among Addicts

Background: This study aimed to determine the mediating role of distress tolerance in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychiatric symptoms among addicts. Methods: The statistical population of this study consists of addicts referring to addiction treatment clinics in Zanjan city, Iran. Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 150 participants were selected as a sample and completed the questionnaires. Early maladaptive schema questionnaire-short form, symptom checklist-25 (SCL-25), and the distress tolerance scale were completed by participants. Results: The findings of this study indicate a negative and significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and distress tolerance among addicts. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychiatric symptoms among addicts. It can be said that there is a significant negative relationship between distress tolerance and psychiatric symptoms in addicts. Conclusions: The final results of this study show that in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychiatric symptoms among addicts in Zanjan city, distress tolerance plays a mediating role and the model has a goodness of fit. Keywords: Distress tolerance, Early maladaptive schemas, Psychiatric symptoms, Addicts

Investigating the Mediating Role of Distress Tolerance in the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Psychiatric Symptoms among Addicts

Background: This study aimed to determine the mediating role of distress tolerance in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychiatric symptoms among addicts. Methods: The statistical population of this study consists of addicts referring to addiction treatment clinics in Zanjan city, Iran. Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 150 participants were selected as a sample and completed the questionnaires. Early maladaptive schema questionnaire-short form, symptom checklist-25 (SCL-25), and the distress tolerance scale were completed by participants. Results: The findings of this study indicate a negative and significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and distress tolerance among addicts. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychiatric symptoms among addicts. It can be said that there is a significant negative relationship between distress tolerance and psychiatric symptoms in addicts. Conclusions: The final results of this study show that in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychiatric symptoms among addicts in Zanjan city, distress tolerance plays a mediating role and the model has a goodness of fit. Keywords: Distress tolerance, Early maladaptive schemas, Psychiatric symptoms, Addicts

The Role of Mindfulness and its Dimensions in Predicting of Students’ Psychological Well-being

Background: Well-being is the biggest and most important goal of human being life that affects a person's health more than anything else does. This study aimed to investigate the role of mindfulness and its dimensions in students' psychological well-being. Methods: The research method was correlation and the statistical population included all students of Kharazmi University. The sample consisted of 240 students (126 females and 114 males) who were selected by the convenience sampling method. The research instruments were the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (Bauer et al. 2006) and Ryff's scale of the Psychological Well-Being (Ryff, 1980). Data analysis was performed using independent groups of t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression. Results: The obtained results showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students in the variables of mindfulness and psychological well-being. There is a positive and significant correlation between psychological well-being and the overall score of mindfulness as well as the dimensions of observing, describing, acting with awareness, and non-reactive. Conclusions: The variables of acting with awareness and describing mindfulness dimensions were able to explain about 24% of the variance of psychological well-being in two steps. Keywords: Mindfulness, Psychological well-being, Student

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Treatment on Anxiety, Depression and Prevention of Substance Use Relapse

Background: Addiction and its negative consequences are a global problem and mindfulness is one of the methods that seeks to reduce its negative consequences using cognitive and behavioral techniques.. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on anxiety, depression, and the likelihood of relapse. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used. The statistical population consisted of all people referring to addiction treatment clinics in Kerman and a sample of 50 people (25 people in the control group and 25 people in the experimental group) were selected through voluntary sampling. The experimental group received MBSR during 8 sessions of psychotherapy, but the control group did not receive any intervention. . The research instruments were Slip and Return Questionnaire (Wright, 2001), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1961) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, 1988). In addition, analysis of variance was used to compare the scores of individuals in the experimental and control groups. Results: The results showed that Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) Treatment was effective in reducing anxiety (F (1, 48) = 3.15, p <.05), depression (F (1, 48) = 608.71, p <.05) and the likelihood of drug addicts returning) F (1, 48) = 18.20, p <.05). Conclusions: Mindfulness is a kind of non-judgmental consciousness that teaches people to cope with negative thoughts and feelings and instead experience positive mental events. As a result, learning leads to less stress, less depression, and the likelihood of relapse through cognitive change in thinking style when faced with problems. Keywords: Mindfulness, MBSR, Anxiety, Depression, Cravin

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Treatment on Anxiety, Depression and Prevention of Substance Use Relapse

Background: Addiction and its negative consequences are a global problem and mindfulness is one of the methods that seeks to reduce its negative consequences using cognitive and behavioral techniques.. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on anxiety, depression, and the likelihood of relapse. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used. The statistical population consisted of all people referring to addiction treatment clinics in Kerman and a sample of 50 people (25 people in the control group and 25 people in the experimental group) were selected through voluntary sampling. The experimental group received MBSR during 8 sessions of psychotherapy, but the control group did not receive any intervention. . The research instruments were Slip and Return Questionnaire (Wright, 2001), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1961) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, 1988). In addition, analysis of variance was used to compare the scores of individuals in the experimental and control groups. Results: The results showed that Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) Treatment was effective in reducing anxiety (F (1, 48) = 3.15, p <.05), depression (F (1, 48) = 608.71, p <.05) and the likelihood of drug addicts returning) F (1, 48) = 18.20, p <.05). Conclusions: Mindfulness is a kind of non-judgmental consciousness that teaches people to cope with negative thoughts and feelings and instead experience positive mental events. As a result, learning leads to less stress, less depression, and the likelihood of relapse through cognitive change in thinking style when faced with problems. Keywords: Mindfulness, MBSR, Anxiety, Depression, Cravin

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Premarital Program Training for Building a Lasting Connection (BLC) based on EFT Approach on the Level of Marital Satisfaction of Married Couples

Background: Marriage preparation programs have shown significant positive effects, especially in teaching marriage skills and conflict resolution. One of the effects of these programs is to increase marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction has a great impact on the family and the physical and mental health of its members and is one of the most important and effective factors in maintaining a successful, healthy and happy life. Method: The research method used for this research was quasi-experimental using a control group and a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of this study included all couples who were in their marriage and at least 6 months and a maximum of 3 years have passed since their marriage. The number of statistical samples for this study included 22 couples (44 people) who were during their marriage. These samples were randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group. Result: As the results of this study showed, the difference between the pre-test-post-test scores of the experimental and control groups for the marital satisfaction variable and the mean scores of the experimental group in the marital satisfaction variable with a value of F = 47.71 at the level of p <0. 05 was more than the control group. Therefore, the results show the effect of premarital education (BLC) on increasing marital satisfaction in the experimental group. Discuss: The BLC premarital education package can play an effective role in increasing couples 'satisfaction due to its comprehensive and multidimensional view of couples' relationship and providing a platform for building a secure bond

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Premarital Program Training for Building a Lasting Connection (BLC) based on EFT Approach on the Level of Marital Satisfaction of Married Couples

Background: Marriage preparation programs have shown significant positive effects, especially in teaching marriage skills and conflict resolution. One of the effects of these programs is to increase marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction has a great impact on the family and the physical and mental health of its members and is one of the most important and effective factors in maintaining a successful, healthy and happy life. Method: The research method used for this research was quasi-experimental using a control group and a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of this study included all couples who were in their marriage and at least 6 months and a maximum of 3 years have passed since their marriage. The number of statistical samples for this study included 22 couples (44 people) who were during their marriage. These samples were randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group. Result: As the results of this study showed, the difference between the pre-test-post-test scores of the experimental and control groups for the marital satisfaction variable and the mean scores of the experimental group in the marital satisfaction variable with a value of F = 47.71 at the level of p <0. 05 was more than the control group. Therefore, the results show the effect of premarital education (BLC) on increasing marital satisfaction in the experimental group. Discuss: The BLC premarital education package can play an effective role in increasing couples 'satisfaction due to its comprehensive and multidimensional view of couples' relationship and providing a platform for building a secure bond

The The Role of Mindfulness and its Dimensions in Predicting of Students’ Psychological Well-being

Background: Well-being is the biggest and most important goal of human being life that affects a person's health more than anything else does. This study aimed to investigate the role of mindfulness and its dimensions in students' psychological well-being. Methods: The research method was correlation and the statistical population included all students of Kharazmi University. The sample consisted of 240 students (126 females and 114 males) who were selected by the convenience sampling method. The research instruments were the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (Bauer et al. 2006) and Ryff's scale of the Psychological Well-Being (Ryff, 1980). Data analysis was performed using independent groups of t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression. Results: The obtained results showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students in the variables of mindfulness and psychological well-being. There is a positive and significant correlation between psychological well-being and the overall score of mindfulness as well as the dimensions of observing, describing, acting with awareness, and non-reactive. Conclusions: The variables of acting with awareness and describing mindfulness dimensions were able to explain about 24% of the variance of psychological well-being in two steps. Keywords: Mindfulness, Psychological well-being, Student