Socio-psychological factors of students` satisfaction in the context of digitalization of education during the COVID-19 pandemic and self-isolation

As you know, digitalization of many aspects of modern society became relevant in the XX1 century for most developed countries. This process is also typical for the Russian Federation, and it has received a special acceleration during the current period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Rapid development of digitalization is now taking place in the field of education, where distance learning is becoming one of the Central forms. This impetuosity has created a number of problems, both organizational and psychological, since the real reality has not yet been fully prepared for radical changes in both the teaching methodology and the methods of obtaining knowledge by the student audience. Accordingly, this transformation of such an important social sphere as education requires the efforts of representatives of many scientific disciplines, including philosophers, sociologists, cultural scientists, and psychologists. The latter, in addition to theoretical justifications, conduct a number of empirical studies on the psychological adaptability of young people studying to new conditions. One of them is the proposed study, which is based on the assumption that the level of satisfaction with work in the distance format of students during the period of self-isolation depends a lot on the degree of their subjective well-being. The socio-psychological factors that characterize the subjective well-being of students in this situation include: skills for distance learning, satisfaction with the results of this form of education, maintaining relationship with classmates, and the effectiveness of remote interaction with teachers. The empirical part of the study involved 100 students of student age. It has been revealed that the educational environment with a low level of quality (lack of electronic equipment on self-isolation, necessary for providing distance learning) and uncoordinated contacts with teachers and classmates, can negatively affect some components of satisfaction with distance education of students

Influence of deformation on the structure and mechanical and corrosion properties of high-nitrogen austenitic 07Kh16AG13M3 steel

The correlation has been studied between the structure of a high-nitrogen austenitic Cr-Mn-N steel formed in the process of combined hardening treatment, including cold plastic deformation (CPD), and its mechanical and corrosion properties. The structure and properties of commercial high-nitrogen (0.8% N) 07Kh16AG13M3 steel is analyzed after rolling by CPD and aging at 500 and 800°C. It is shown that CPD of the steel occurs by dislocation slip and deformation twinning. Deformation twinning and also high resistance of austenite to martensitic transformations at true strains of 0.2 and 0.4 determine the high plasticity of the steel. The contribution of the structure imperfection parameters to the broadening of the austenite lines during CPD is estimated by X-ray diffraction. The main hardening factor is stated to be lattice microdistortions. Transmission electron microscopy study shows that heating of the deformed steel to 500°C leads to the formation of the intermediate CrN phase by a homogeneous mechanism, and the intermtallic χ phase forms along the austenite grain boundaries in the case of heating at 800°C. After hardening by all investigated technological schemes, exception for aging at 800°C, the steel does not undergo pitting corrosion and is slightly prone to a stress corrosion cracking during static bending tests, while aging at 800°C causes pitting corrosion at a pitting formation potential Epf = -0.25 V. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Extraction of ammonia sulfate from mother liquor in methylacrylate production

In methylacrylate production liquid wastes containing considerable amounts of sulfuric acid and organic compounds are formed. Neutralization of sulfuric acid and removal of organic compounds from the effluent water are the essential phases of ammonia sulfate preparation. Methods of purifying waste water formed in methylacrylate production are proposed. Waste water purification is performed by oxidation, floatation and extraction. Combining several physical and chemical methods the most perfect purification is attained. By removing organic impurities from waste water high grade ammonia sulfate may be obtained as by-product

Analysis of structural variations of the precipitate based on monitoring the industrial electrolysis of copper powders of various brands

This study is associated with the solution to the blending problem of the charge for the output of ready articles. The main requirements are claimed to the specific surface and the packed density of the powders of basic brands PML0, PMS-1, and GG. The dynamics of the development of the dendrite depositions for powders of mentioned brands with the simultaneous registration of the cathodic overvoltage is investigated under industrial experimental conditions. The procedure is developed and the results of the continuous monitoring of the deposition growth with the direct immersion of a video camera into the electrolyte are presented. The reproducibility of the results is evaluated statistically. Based on the galvanostatic crystallization model of the dendrite deposition on the rod electrode, the dynamics of varying the density (N) and radius (r t) of growing tips on the growth front is calculated. It is established by variance analysis that structural parameters N and r t are individual for depositions of every brand, so that the preparation conditions of the deposition during the electrolysis should be strictly fulfilled as the charge forms. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

Strategies for overcoming conflict among future leaders of different religious orientations at a period of society digitalisation

The article deals with historical, legal, sociological, psychological and other aspects of conflict resolution in society and social groups. The results of a survey of undergraduate students of the State University of Management are presented. On the basis of the study, strategies for resolving conflict situations among future leaders of various religious orientations, and means of resolving interpersonal and intergroup conflicts, were identified. Using methods of expert analysis, by comparing respondents’ opinions with those of researchers, it is concluded that digital training should be introduced to acquire online knowledge on preventing and dealing with controversial situations. In this way, Russia’s future leaders could be trained in appropriate reactions in conflict educational situations, learn how to apply different styles and strategies of communication, and to identify conflictogens at the first and second stages of conflict development to promptly transfer such situations to a peaceful course. The practical significance of the study is in the implementation of the results to test students for the level of emotional intelligence, to improve their competencies, and to resolve conflicts in different ethnic environments

Конфликтогенность искусственного интеллекта в образовательном пространстве молодежи поколения Z

Nowadays, in the twenties of the XXI century, many problems seemed to be fantastic plots not so long ago, twenty or thirty years ago, are becoming obvious. They are: robotization, artificial intelligence, replacing people by machine guns, which will lead to mass unemployment and uselessness of a person in the future world. Such expectations are called «conflictogenic»ones, because they cause disturbing moods in the society. Indeed, the artificial intelligence works better in a number of human labor spheres. Tasks as recruitment for an organization, accounting operations, dispatching, vehicle controlling are in some cases shifted to robots, an electronic brain. The robotization process is still gradually taking place in the world; it is still more profitable to use cheaper human labor than machines in underdeveloped countries. However, there are no guarantees that the process of replacing people with automatic devices will not become explosive. The International Monetary Fund has developed scenarios for possible options to introduce the artificial intelligence in mankind’s life. Because the process is already underway, the first symptoms of conflict are evident. The study represents the reactions of young generation representatives to phenomena in the society related to entering the artificial intelligence into real life. Nowadays disturbing conflictogens in implementing the artificial intelligence are self-isolation; self-employment; loneliness; uselessness for the society as an unclaimed specialist who cannot offer himself; reality illusion in the virtual reality; physiological atrophy, deterioration in health; suicidal tendencies; criminal tendencies (hacking). The author reveals character fears of different age groups. The paper shows viewpoints on the situation of futurologists, formulates thoughts on the qualities necessary for a person in the nearest future including widespread the artificial intelligence use in various life fields.Сегодня, в двадцатые годы ХХI века, становятся очевидными многие проблемы, которые еще не так давно, лет двадцать-тридцать назад, казались фантастическими сюжетами. Роботизация, искусственный интеллект, замена людей автоматами, которая приведет к массовой безработице и ненужности человека в будущем мире. Подобные ожидания получили название «конфликтогенных», поскольку вызывают будоражащие общество настроения. Действительно, в ряде областей человеческого труда искусственный интеллект работает лучше. Такие задачи, как подбор кадров в организацию, бухгалтерские операции, диспетчеризация, управление транспортным средством в ряде случаев сегодня перекладываются на роботов, электронный мозг. Процесс роботизации пока происходит в мире постепенно, в малоразвитых странах до сих пор выгоднее применять более дешевый человеческий труд, чем автоматы. Однако гарантий, что процесс замены людей автоматическими устройствами не приобретет взрывной характер, нет. Международный валютный фонд (МВФ) разработал сценарии возможных вариантов внедрения искусственного интеллекта в жизнь человечества. Поскольку процесс уже идет, первые симптомы конфликтогенности налицо. Осуществлено исследование реакций представителей молодых поколений на явления в социуме, связанные с вхождением искусственного интеллекта в реальную жизнь. Тревожащими конфликтогенами при внедрении искусственного интеллекта сегодня становятся самоизоляция; самозанятость; одиночество; ненужность обществу как невостребованного специалиста, который не может себя предложить; иллюзия реальности в виртуальной реальности; физиологическая атрофия, ухудшение здоровья; суицидальные наклонности; преступные наклонности (хакерство). Выявлены характерные опасения различных возрастных групп. Приведены точки зрения на ситуацию футурологов, сформулированы мысли о качествах, необходимых человеку ближайшего будущего, включающего широкое применение искусственного интеллекта в различных областях жизни

FATORES DE FORMAÇÃO DE COMPORTAMENTO DESVIANTE ENTRE OS ALUNOS: COMPORTAMENTO AGRESSIVO E RISCOS NA INTERNET

A importância do problema apresentado no artigo é determinada pelo fato de que a manifestação de agressão entre crianças e adolescentes em instituições de ensino da sociedade contemporânea representa um novo desafio para a escola russa, o sistema de aplicação da lei e o sistema de apoio social no país. Federação Russa. O artigo contém os resultados da análise do comportamento agressivo entre menores como fator na formação de comportamentos desviantes de crianças e adolescentes. O autor fundamentou a necessidade de incluir os seguintes componentes no sistema de prevenção do impacto negativo da atividade da Internet na socialização de crianças em idade escolar: o desenvolvimento de uma cultura da informação, o desenvolvimento de qualidades pessoais que contribuam para o enfrentamento de riscos.The importance of the problem presented in the paper is determined by the fact that the manifestation of aggression among children and teenagers in educational institutions in contemporary society represents a new challenge for the Russian school, the law enforcement system and the system of social support in the Russian Federation. The paper contains the results of the analysis of aggressive behavior among minors as a factor in the formation of deviant behavior of children and teenagers. The author has substantiated the necessity to include the following components in the system of prevention of the negative impact of Internet activity on socialization of schoolchildren: the development of an information culture, the development of personal qualities that contribute to confronting risks.La importancia del problema presentado en el documento está determinada por el hecho de que la manifestación de agresión entre niños y adolescentes en las instituciones educativas de la sociedad contemporánea representa un nuevo desafío para la escuela rusa, el sistema de aplicación de la ley y el sistema de apoyo social en el país. Federación Rusa. El documento contiene los resultados del análisis del comportamiento agresivo entre menores como un factor en la formación del comportamiento desviado de niños y adolescentes. El autor ha corroborado la necesidad de incluir los siguientes componentes en el sistema de prevención del impacto negativo de la actividad de Internet en la socialización de los escolares: el desarrollo de una cultura de la información, el desarrollo de cualidades personales que contribuyen a enfrentar los riesgos

Naturally occurring cobalamin (B12) analogs can function as cofactors for human methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

Cobalamin, commonly known as vitamin B12, is an essential micronutrient for humans because of its role as an enzyme cofactor. Cobalamin is one of over a dozen structurally related compounds - cobamides - that are found in certain foods and are produced by microorganisms in the human gut. Very little is known about how different cobamides affect B12-dependent metabolism in human cells. Here, we test in vitro how diverse cobamide cofactors affect the function of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT), one of two cobalamin-dependent enzymes in humans. We find that, although cobalamin is the most effective cofactor for MMUT, multiple cobamides support MMUT function with differences in binding affinity (Kd), binding kinetics (kon), and concentration dependence during catalysis (KM, app). Additionally, we find that six disease-associated MMUT variants that cause cobalamin-responsive impairments in enzymatic activity also respond to other cobamides, with the extent of catalytic rescue dependent on the identity of the cobamide. Our studies challenge the exclusive focus on cobalamin in the context of human physiology, indicate that diverse cobamides can support the function of a human enzyme, and suggest future directions that will improve our understanding of the roles of different cobamides in human biology. Keywords: Cobalamin; Cobamide; MMUT; Methylmalonic aciduria; Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase; Vitamin B(12)

DIGITALIZATION IN MATERIAL SCIENCES, OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS

The possibilities of using digitalization in materials science and metallurgy were discussed.Обсуждены возможности применения цифровизации в материаловедении и металлургии

Современные представления о возможности применения антиангиогенных препаратов в качестве адъювантной терапии при неоваскулярной глаукоме

The article analyzes literature data on the use of modern antiangiogenic drugs in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) presenting information on the mechanisms of action of inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as adjuvant therapy in NVG, as well as the clinical effectiveness of these drugs in modulating the activity of ocular tissue healing processes after surgical treatment of glaucoma.The article also considers the results of studies on the use of VEGF inhibitors bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept by different routes of administration. Usage of these drugs is indicated to require taking into account the contraindications, as well as the possibility of side effects associated with the intravitreal route of drug administration. The effects of anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of NVG have been noted to be temporary and last 4–6 weeks, so the result of using a combination of these drugs and standard methods of treating the disease is assumed to be more pronounced and lasting.Выполнен анализ данных литературы о применении современных антиангиогенных лекарственных средств в лечении неоваскулярной глаукомы (НВГ). Приведены сведения о механизмах действия ингибиторов сосудистого фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF) в качестве адъювантной терапии при НВГ, а также клинической эффективности этих препаратов в отношении модулирования активности процессов заживления тканей глаза после хирургического лечения глаукомы.Рассмотрены результаты исследований применения ингибиторов VEGF: бевацизумаба, ранибизумаба и афлиберцепта при разных путях введения. Указано, что при использовании этих препаратов следует учитывать противопоказания к их применению, а также возможность возникновения побочных эффектов, связанных с интравитреальным путем введения. Отмечено, что эффекты анти-VEGF препаратов в лечении НВГ носят временный характер и длятся обычно 4–6 недель, в связи с этим предполагается, что более выраженным и длительным может быть результат использования комбинации этих лекарственных средств и стандартных методов лечения заболевания