LESIA UKRAINKA’S DRAMATURGY IN THE THEORY DRAMA BY M. LASLO-KUTSIUK

Аналізу піддається теорія драми М. Ласло-Куцюк, основні положення якої викладені в її монографічних працях. Характеризуються методологічні підходи М. Ласло-Куцюк в дослідженні світової та української драматургії. Визначається місце драматургії Лесі Українки в концепції дослідниці, особливості літературознавчої рецепції, окреслюються ознаки її драматичної творчості з точки зору компаративістики, інтертекстуалістики, психоаналізу, соціоніки.The subject of our analysis is the theory of drama by M. Laslo- Kutsiuk, the main provisions of which are set out in her monographic works. We also characterize the methodological approaches of M. Laslo-Kutsiuk in the study of world and Ukrainian drama. Further, we determine how Lesia Ukrainka’s drama fits with the concepts of the researcher, look at the peculiarities of the literary perception, and outline the hallmarks of the author’s dramatic works from the point of view of comparative studies, intertextualistics, psychoanalysis, and socionics

ІДЕОЛОГІЯ ТА ЖИТТЄВА ПРАКТИКА ПУРИТАНСТВА У ДРАМАХ БЕРНАРДА ШОУ “УЧЕНЬ ДИЯВОЛА” ТА ЛЕСІ УКРАЇНКИ “У ПУЩІ”

The paper explores the literary interpretations of Puritanism in dramatic works by Bernard Shaw (“The Devil’s Disciple”) and Lesia Ukrayinka (“In the Wilderness”). By means of comparative analysis, the author singles out signifi cant parallels and divergences between the two dramas on the plane of genre, plot, ideology, and metaphors.Розглянуто особливості художньої інтерпретації пуританства у драматичних творах Б. Шоу “Учень Диявола” та Лесі Українки “У пущі”. На основі компаративного аналізу визначено жанрові, сюжетні, образні та ідейні паралелі й розходження

The potential of nanoparticles for the immunization against viral infections

Vaccination has a great impact on the prevention and control of infectious diseases. However, there are still many infectious diseases for which an effective vaccine is missing. Thirty years after the discovery of the AIDS-pathogen (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV) and intensive research, there is still no protective immunity against the HIV infection. Over the past decade, nanoparticulate systems such as virus-like particles, liposomes, polymers and inorganic nanoparticles have received attention as potential delivery vehicles which can be loaded or functionalized with active biomolecules (antigens and adjuvants). Here we compare the properties of different nanoparticulate systems and assess their potential for the development of new vaccines against a range of viral infections

Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines as a Platform for Improvement of HIV-1 Env Antibody Responses by Intrastructural Help

Incorporation of immunodominant T-helper epitopes of licensed vaccines into virus-like particles (VLP) allows to harness T-helper cells induced by the licensed vaccines to provide intrastructural help (ISH) for B-cell responses against the surface proteins of the VLPs. To explore whether ISH could also improve antibody responses to calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticle vaccines we loaded the nanoparticle core with a universal T-helper epitope of Tetanus toxoid (p30) and functionalized the surface of CaP nanoparticles with stabilized trimers of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) resulting in Env-CaP-p30 nanoparticles. In contrast to soluble Env trimers, Env containing CaP nanoparticles induced activation of naïve Env-specific B-cells in vitro. Mice previously vaccinated against Tetanus raised stronger humoral immune responses against Env after immunization with Env-CaP-p30 than mice not vaccinated against Tetanus. The enhancing effect of ISH on anti-Env antibody levels was not attended with increased Env-specific IFN-γ CD4 T-cell responses that otherwise may potentially influence the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Thus, CaP nanoparticles functionalized with stabilized HIV-1 Env trimers and heterologous T-helper epitopes are able to recruit heterologous T-helper cells induced by a licensed vaccine and improve anti-Env antibody responses by intrastructural help

The new water-soluble thermosensitive star-like copolymer as a promising carrier of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin

A new water-soluble thermosensitive star-like copolymer, dextran-graft-poly-N-iso-propilacrylamide (D-g-PNIPAM), was created and characterized by various techniques (size-exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy). The viability of cancer cell lines (human transformed cervix epithelial cells, HeLa) as a model for cancer cells was studied using MTT and Live/Dead assays after incubation with a D-g-PNIPAM copolymer as a carrier for the drug doxorubicin (Dox) as well as a D-g-PNIPAM + Dox mixture as a function of the concentration. FTIR spectroscopy clearly indicated the complex formation of Dox with the D-g-PNIPAM copolymer. The size distribution of particles in Hank’s solution was determined by the DLS technique at different temperatures. The in vitro uptake of the studied D-g-PNIPAM + Dox nanoparticles into cancer cells was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was found that D-g-PNIPAM + Dox nanoparticles in contrast to Dox alone showed higher toxicity toward cancer cells. All of the aforementioned facts indicate a possibility of further preclinical studies of the water-soluble D-g-PNIPAM particles’ behavior in animal tumor models in vivo as promising carriers of anticancer agents

In vitro study of the anticancer activity of various doxorubicincontaining dispersions

The aim of this research was to study the impact of various doxorubicin (Dox)-containing nanofluids, e.g. singlewalled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)+Dox, graphene oxide (GO)+Dox and Dextran-PNIPAM (copolymer)+Dox mixtures on HeLa cells (human transformed cervix epithelial cells, as a model for cancer cells) depending on their concentration. Methods: Structural analysis of GO+Dox complex was accomplished using Hartree-Fock level of theory in 6-31G** basis set in Gaussian. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta-potential, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used. The cell viability was analyzed by the MTT assay. Results: The viability of HeLa cells was studied with the MTT assay after the incubation with various Dox-containing dispersions depending on their concentration. The size of the particles was determined by DLS. The morphology of the nanoparticles (NPs) was studied by scanning electron microscopy and their uptake into cells was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was found that the Dextran-PNIPAM+Dox nanofluid in contrast to Dox alone showed higher toxicity towards HeLa cells up to 80% after 24 hours of incubation, whereas the SWCNT+Dox and GO+Dox nanofluids at the same concentrations protected cells from Dox. Conclusion: The importance of Dextran-PNIPAM copolymer as a universal platform for drug delivery was established, and the huge potential of Dextran-PNIPAM+Dox NPs as novel anticancer agents was noted. Based on the in vitro study of the SWCNT+Dox and GO+Dox nanofluids, it was concluded that SWCNT and GO NPs can be effective cytoprotectors against the highly toxic drugs

The Means of Semantic Condensation in the Poetics of V. Svidzinsky

У статті йдеться про засоби конденсації художнього змісту в поетичній творчості В. Свідзінського. Про-аналізовано семантичну структуру віршів; особливу увагу звернуто на різноманітні повтори, які стають основою для виникнення асоціативних зв’язків і забезпечують згущення та поглиблення поетичної інформативності. Досліджено багаторівневість внутрішньотекстових і позатекстових зв’язків (фонетичний, лексичний, образно-тематичний рівні, семантична взаємодія з фольклором). На прикладі вірша «Душа поета» визначено смислові домінанти, розглянуто кореляцію образів у межах одного вірша та їх функціональну активність й інтерпре¬таційний потенціал у контексті творчості. The article examines the means of the condensation of artistic content in the poetic works of V. Svidzinsky. The semantic structure of his poetry is analyzed, while the special attention is paid to various repeats, which serve as the basis for the emergence of the associative connections and provide thickening and deepening of the poetic informativeness. We investigate the multilevels of the intertextual and outertexual connections (phonetic, lexical, figurative and thematic levels, semantic interaction with the folklore). On the example of the poem “The soul of the poet” semantic dominants are defined, as well as the correlation of images within a poem and their functional activity and interpretive potential in the context of the authors’ work is regarded

R. M. Rilke’s poem «Death of a Poet» as a dedication to T. Shevchenko (problem of addressing and translation versions)

У статті розглядається проблема присвяти вірша Р. М. Рільке «Смерть поета» Т. Шевченкові через аналіз перекладацьких версій російських та українських перекладачів. Узагальнюються позиції літературознавців, які стосуються відгуків українських вражень Р. М. Рільке у творчості. Визначаються підстави, на основі яких будується гіпотеза щодо розуміння Т. Шевченка як прототипа образу померлого поета у вірші Р. М. Рільке, внаслідок зіставлення різних перекладів українською та російською мовами проводиться аналіз тих ознак, які можуть послужити для підтвердження гіпотези. Звертається увага на проблему авторської суб’єктивності перекладача при відтворенні оригінального поетичного тексту. Особливу увагу приділено перекладу В. Стуса, в якому знаходимо свідому апеляцію до образу Т. Шевченка. The article deals with the problem of dedication of R. M. Rilke’s poem «Death of a Poet» to T. Shevchenko through the analysis of translation versions of Russian and Ukrainian interpreters. The positions of the literary scholars considering the remnants of R. M. Rilke’s Ukrainian experience in his creativity are generalized. The article defines the grounds, upon which the hypothesis of identifying T. Shevchenko as a prototype image of the deceased poet in R. M. Rilke’s poem is based. On the basis of the comparison of different Ukrainian and Russian translations of the poem, particular features, that can serve to confirm the proposed hypothesis, are analyzed. Attention is focused on the problem of the interpreter’s subjectivity in translation of the original poetic text. Special attention is paid to the translation by V. Stus, where a conscious appeal to the image of Taras Shevchenko is found