Acute effects of difference in glucose intake on arterial stiffness in healthy subjects

Background: Post-prandial hyperglycemia is associated with higher cardiovascular risk, which causes arterial stiffening and impaired function. Although post-prandial increases in blood glucose are proportional to the level of intake, the acute effects of different glucose intakes on arterial stiffness have not been fully characterized. The present study aimed to determine the acute effects of differences in glucose intake on arterial stiffness. Methods: Six healthy middle-aged and elderly individuals (mean age, 60.0 ± 12.1 years) were orally administered 15, 20, and 25 g of glucose on separate days in a randomized, controlled, cross-over fashion. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, heart-brachial pulse wave velocity, cardio-ankle vascular index, brachial and ankle blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations before and 30, 60, and 90 min after glucose ingestion were measured. Results: Compared to baseline, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was higher at 30, 60 and 90 min after ingestion of 25 g glucose, and higher at 90 min after ingestion of 20 g glucose, but at no time points after ingestion of 15 g. Cardio-ankle vascular index was higher at 60 min than at baseline after ingestion of 25 g glucose, but not after ingestion of 15 or 20 g. Conclusions: These results suggest that brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index is affected by the quantity of glucose ingested. Proposed presently is that glucose intake should be reduced at each meal to avoid increases in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index during acute hyperglycemia

A study on motion characteristics of tethered swimming : Searching potentiality as a fitness training

本研究は，牽引泳を体力トレーニングに活用するための基礎資料を提供することを目的とした。そのため、２つの水泳技能レベルグループに対して牽引負荷を設定し、牽引負荷を用いたインターバル泳、時間泳、レジステッド泳およびアシステッド泳を行わせ、生理・知覚的調査および泳ぎの構造変化について調べた。その結果は以下の通りであった。１）牽引負荷45%max 程度のインターバル泳では、両グループともに泳ぎの構造的変化が小さく、生理・知覚的指標が定常的推移を示し、体力トレーニングとしての活用の可能性が示唆された。２） 時間泳では、両グループともに35%max 程度の牽引負荷が最も泳ぎの構造的変化が小さく、生理・知覚的指標が定常推移を示し、体力トレーニングとしての活用の可能性が示唆された。３）レジステッド泳では通常の泳ぎに比較して筋の活動が顕著となり，アシステッド泳では通常の泳ぎに近似した筋の活動様相を示した。水泳競技者にレジステッド泳を活用する場合、泳ぎの構造的変化を避けるために適正な負荷設定が重要である。また、水泳実践者への活用は避けた方がよいと考えられた

Force Generation on the Hallux Is More Affected by the Ankle Joint Angle than the Lesser Toes: An In Vivo Human Study

The structure of the first toe is independent of that of the other toes, while the functional difference remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the force generation characteristics between the plantar-flexion of the first and second–fifth metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJs) by comparing the maximal voluntary plantar-flexion torques (MVC torque) at different MTPJs and ankle positions. The MVC torques of the first and second–fifth MTPJs were measured at 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° dorsiflexed positions of the MTPJs, and at 20° plantar-flexed, neutral, and 20° dorsiflexed positions of the ankle. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance with Holm’s multiple comparison test (MTPJ position × ankle position) were performed. When the MTPJ was dorsiflexed at 0°, 15°, and 30°, the MVC torque of the first MTPJ when the ankle was dorsiflexed at 20° was higher than that when the ankle was plantar-flexed at 20°. However, the ankle position had no significant effect on the MVC torque of the second–fifth MTPJ. Thus, the MVC torque of the first MTPJ was more affected by the ankle position than the second–fifth MTPJs

The influence that the small angle tilt exercise in the sitting position gives to the Local muscle activation

近年、スポーツ分野をはじめ医療・介護現場で、体幹トレーニング（コアトレーニング）はパフォーマンスの向上のため盛んに行われている。本研究では四肢の運動に先だって収縮する腹横筋に着目し、従来観察できなかった低負荷運動時における効果的なLocal muscle の収縮を得ることを目的とした。対象者は健常男子22 名。平均年齢16.2 ± 0.7 歳であった。運動課題は、安静椅座位、10cm 前方傾斜、最大前方傾斜の3 つとした。それぞれの課題時、超音波エコーにて外腹斜筋、内腹斜筋、腹横筋厚を測定し、3 筋の合計筋厚を100%とし、各筋の筋厚比率を求めた。その結果、測定した3 筋の要因において有意な主効果が認められたが（F（2,42）= 520.37, p 最大前方傾斜（p maximum front tilt（ p<0.05））．As shown above, in order to activate theLocal muscle in core trainings, rather than doing the conventional high resistance exercise, selectively activating the transverseabdominis with low resistance exercise is more effective. It would be possible to modify the activity so that the exercise can beapplied not only to athletes but also to elderly patients